鼠茅Vulpia myuros (L.) Gmel.
鼠茅Vulpia myuros (L.) Gmel.
1．鼠茅（禾本科图说）图版13：12-14
Vulpia myuros (L.) Gmel. in Fl. Bad. 1: 8. 1806; Krecz. et Bobr. in Kom. Fl. URSS 2: 539. 1934; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 564. 1960; Tzvel. , Poac. URSS 426. 1976; C. A. Stace et R. Cotton in Fl. Europ. 5: 156. 1980; 台湾植物志5: 451. 1978;西藏植物志5: 59. 1987. ——Festuca myuros L. Sp. Pl. 74. 1753; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 356. 1897; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科131, 图98. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴5: 60, 图6949. 1976; 江苏植物志(上): 164, 图264. 1977.
一年生。秆直立，细弱，光滑，高20-60厘米，径约1毫米，具3-4节。叶鞘光滑无毛，疏松裹茎，短于或下部者长于节间；叶舌长0.2-0.5毫米，截平，干膜质，土黄色；叶片长7-11厘米，宽1-2毫米，内卷，背面无毛，上面被毛茸。圆锥花序狭窄，基部通常为叶鞘所包裹或稍露出，长10-20厘米，宽约1厘米，分枝单生而偏于主轴之一侧，扁平或具3棱，棱边粗糙；小穗长8-10毫米（芒除外），含4-5小花；小穗轴节间长约1毫米，被微毛；颖先端尖，边缘膜质，第一颖微小，具1脉，长约1毫米，第二颖狭窄，长3-4.5毫米；外稃狭披针形，背部近于圆形，粗糙或边缘具较长的毛，具5脉，边脉仅位于下部，第一外稃长约6毫米，先端延伸成细长而粗糙的芒，芒长13-18毫米；雄蕊1枚，花药长0.4-1毫米；颖果红棕色，长约4毫米。 花果期4-7月。染色体2n＝14（Avdulov 1931），42（Stahiln 1929，Tatedka 1954）。
产江苏、浙江、江西、广西、西藏及台湾。生于海拔160-4200米的路边、山坡、沙滩、石缝及沟边。分布于欧、亚、美、非各洲。模式标本采自欧洲。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Vulpia myuros (Linnaeus) C. C. Gmelin
鼠茅 shu mao
Festuca myuros Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753.
Culms erect or geniculately ascending, 20–70 cm tall, 3–4-noded, smooth. Leaf sheaths loosely overlapping, shorter or lower longer than internodes, smooth, glabrous; leaf blades involute, 7–11 cm × 1–2 mm, adaxial surface pubescent, abaxial surface smooth; ligule 0.2–0.5 mm, truncate. Panicle linear, 10–20 × 0.5–1 cm, loose to somewhat dense, mostly curved or nodding, base enclosed by uppermost leaf sheath or just exserted from it. Spikelets oblong or wedge-shaped, 8–10 mm (excluding awns), florets 4–7; lower glume minute, 1–3 mm, upper glume linear-lanceolate, 3–8 mm, apex acute; lemmas 5–7 mm, back scabrid, 5-veined, margins scabrid or ciliolate, apex acuminate; awn 1.3–1.8 cm. Stamen 1; anther 0.4–1 mm. Caryopsis reddish brown, ca. 4 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Jul. 2n = 42.
Mountain slopes, roadsides, especially in sandy places. Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Xizang, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, S Russia, Tajikistan, Turkestan, Uzbekistan; Africa (N and on mountains), SW Asia, Europe].
This species is adventive in most temperate parts of the world. Vulpia alpina L. Liu (Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 405. 2002), based on a single specimen from Xizang (Lhasa), may be simply a depauperate form of this species. The type has not been seen.
别名：annual fescue;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：鼠茅属 Vulpia
1．鼠茅（禾本科图说）图版13：12-14
Vulpia myuros (L.) Gmel. in Fl. Bad. 1: 8. 1806; Krecz. et Bobr. in Kom. Fl. URSS 2: 539. 1934; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 564. 1960; Tzvel. , Poac. URSS 426. 1976; C. A. Stace et R. Cotton in Fl. Europ. 5: 156. 1980; 台湾植物志5: 451. 1978;西藏植物志5: 59. 1987. ——Festuca myuros L. Sp. Pl. 74. 1753; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 356. 1897; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科131, 图98. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴5: 60, 图6949. 1976; 江苏植物志(上): 164, 图264. 1977.
一年生。秆直立，细弱，光滑，高20-60厘米，径约1毫米，具3-4节。叶鞘光滑无毛，疏松裹茎，短于或下部者长于节间；叶舌长0.2-0.5毫米，截平，干膜质，土黄色；叶片长7-11厘米，宽1-2毫米，内卷，背面无毛，上面被毛茸。圆锥花序狭窄，基部通常为叶鞘所包裹或稍露出，长10-20厘米，宽约1厘米，分枝单生而偏于主轴之一侧，扁平或具3棱，棱边粗糙；小穗长8-10毫米（芒除外），含4-5小花；小穗轴节间长约1毫米，被微毛；颖先端尖，边缘膜质，第一颖微小，具1脉，长约1毫米，第二颖狭窄，长3-4.5毫米；外稃狭披针形，背部近于圆形，粗糙或边缘具较长的毛，具5脉，边脉仅位于下部，第一外稃长约6毫米，先端延伸成细长而粗糙的芒，芒长13-18毫米；雄蕊1枚，花药长0.4-1毫米；颖果红棕色，长约4毫米。 花果期4-7月。染色体2n＝14（Avdulov 1931），42（Stahiln 1929，Tatedka 1954）。
产江苏、浙江、江西、广西、西藏及台湾。生于海拔160-4200米的路边、山坡、沙滩、石缝及沟边。分布于欧、亚、美、非各洲。模式标本采自欧洲。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Vulpia myuros (Linnaeus) C. C. Gmelin
鼠茅 shu mao
Festuca myuros Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753.
Culms erect or geniculately ascending, 20–70 cm tall, 3–4-noded, smooth. Leaf sheaths loosely overlapping, shorter or lower longer than internodes, smooth, glabrous; leaf blades involute, 7–11 cm × 1–2 mm, adaxial surface pubescent, abaxial surface smooth; ligule 0.2–0.5 mm, truncate. Panicle linear, 10–20 × 0.5–1 cm, loose to somewhat dense, mostly curved or nodding, base enclosed by uppermost leaf sheath or just exserted from it. Spikelets oblong or wedge-shaped, 8–10 mm (excluding awns), florets 4–7; lower glume minute, 1–3 mm, upper glume linear-lanceolate, 3–8 mm, apex acute; lemmas 5–7 mm, back scabrid, 5-veined, margins scabrid or ciliolate, apex acuminate; awn 1.3–1.8 cm. Stamen 1; anther 0.4–1 mm. Caryopsis reddish brown, ca. 4 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Jul. 2n = 42.
Mountain slopes, roadsides, especially in sandy places. Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Xizang, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, S Russia, Tajikistan, Turkestan, Uzbekistan; Africa (N and on mountains), SW Asia, Europe].
This species is adventive in most temperate parts of the world. Vulpia alpina L. Liu (Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 405. 2002), based on a single specimen from Xizang (Lhasa), may be simply a depauperate form of this species. The type has not been seen.