黄背草Themeda japonica (Willd.) Tanaka
黄背草Themeda japonica (Willd.) Tanaka
10. 黄背草（植物华名录）图版63：1-11；79：3
Themeda japonica (Willd.) Tanaka in Bull. Sci. Fak. Terkult. Kyushu Imp. Univ. 1: 194. 207. 1925; 台湾的禾草783. 图287. 1975; 海南植物志4: 484. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 704. 1978. ——Anthistiria japonica Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 901. 1805.——Themeda triandra Forsk. var. japonica (Wind.) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: 213. 1912; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科847. 图798. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴5: 208. 图7245. 1976;秦岭植物志1 (1): 195. 图156. 1976; 江苏植物志, 上册: 253. 图437. 1977.
多年生，簇生草本。秆高0.5-1.5米，圆形，压扁或具棱，下部直径可达5毫米，光滑无毛，具光泽，黄白色或褐色，实心，髓白色，有时节处被白粉。叶鞘紧裹秆，背部具脊，通常生疣基硬毛；叶舌坚纸质，长1-2毫米，顶端钝圆，有睫毛；叶片线形，长10-50厘米，宽4-8毫米，基部通常近圆形，顶部渐尖，中脉显著，两面无毛或疏被柔毛，背面常粉白色，边缘略卷曲，粗糙。大型伪圆锥花序多回复出，由具佛焰苞的总状花序组成，长为全株的1/3-1/2；佛焰苞长2-3厘米；总状花序长15-17毫米，具长2-5毫米的花序梗，由7小穗组成。下部总苞状小穗对轮生于一平面，无柄，雄性，长圆状披针形，长7-10毫米；第一颖背面上部常生瘤基毛，具多数脉。无柄小穗两性，1枚，纺锤状圆柱形，长8-10毫米，基盘被褐色髯毛，锐利；第一颖革质，背部圆形，顶端钝，被短刚毛，第二颖与第一颖同质，等长，两边为第一颖所包卷。第一外稃短于颖；第二外稃退化为芒的基部，芒长3-6厘米，1-2回膝曲；颖果长圆形，胚线形，长为颖果的1/2。有柄小穗形似总苞状小穗，但较短，雄性或中性。花果期6-12月。
我国除新疆、青海、内蒙古等省区以外几均有分布；生于海拔80-2700米的干燥山坡、草地、路旁、林缘等处。日本、朝鲜等地亦有分布。
秆叶可供造纸或盖屋。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Themeda triandra Forssk?l
黄背草 huang bei cao
Anthistiria japonica Willdenow; Themeda barbinodis B. S. Sun & S. Wang; T. japonica (Willdenow) Tanaka; T. tri-andra var. japonica (Willdenow) Makino.
Perennial from a knotty rootstock. Culms tussocky, yellowish, usually farinose near nodes, 0.5–1.5 m tall. Leaf sheaths usually hispid with tubercle-based hairs; leaf blades 10–50 × 0.4–0.8 cm, glabrous or pilose, finely acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm, truncate, ciliate. Compound panicle lax, open, with spaced, often nodding spathate fascicles; spathes and spatheoles narrowly lanceolate, glabrous or thinly to densely tuberculate-hispid, innermost 2–3.5 cm. Raceme composed of a triad of 1 sessile and 2 pedicelled spikelets above the involucre of 2 homogamous pairs. Homogamous spikelets all sessile, arising at same level, staminate, both glumes present, 7–14 mm, oblong-lanceolate with lateral scarious wings, glabrous or hispid with tubercle-based hairs. Sessile spikelet 5–7 mm; callus 1.5–3 mm, pungent, brown bearded; lower glume dorsally rounded, dark brown, glossy, hispidulous in upper 1/3, smooth below; awn 3.7–7 cm. Pedicelled spikelet 7–12 mm, male or barren. Fl. and fr. Jun–Dec. 2n = 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80.
Dry mountain slopes, roadsides, forest margins; 100–3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia, Australia].
This is a highly polymorphic, predominantly apomictic species with a wide range of chromosome numbers.
The name Themeda arguens (Linnaeus) Hackel has been misapplied to this species in Yunnan. True T. arguens is not yet known from China. It occurs from Thailand and Vietnam to Australia, and can be distinguished by its reddish culms, very large, spathate fascicles with awns 7–9 cm, and longer callus 3–4 mm. It also differs from T. triandra by its glabrous leaf sheaths, blunter leaf blades, and homogamous spikelets consisting only of the lower glume.
【别名】 进肌草、黄背茅、草糖
【来源】 禾本科黄背草Themeda triandra Forsk. var. japonica （Willd.） Makino，以全草入药。
【生境分布】 东北、华北、华南、西南。
【性味】 甘，温。
【功能主治】 活血通经，祛风除湿。主治经闭，风湿疼痛。
【用法用量】 1～2两。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
别名：kangaroo grass;黄背茅;阿拉伯黄背草;三花菅草;菅草;菅;野菅;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：菅属 Themeda
10. 黄背草（植物华名录）图版63：1-11；79：3
Themeda japonica (Willd.) Tanaka in Bull. Sci. Fak. Terkult. Kyushu Imp. Univ. 1: 194. 207. 1925; 台湾的禾草783. 图287. 1975; 海南植物志4: 484. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 704. 1978. ——Anthistiria japonica Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 901. 1805.——Themeda triandra Forsk. var. japonica (Wind.) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: 213. 1912; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科847. 图798. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴5: 208. 图7245. 1976;秦岭植物志1 (1): 195. 图156. 1976; 江苏植物志, 上册: 253. 图437. 1977.
多年生，簇生草本。秆高0.5-1.5米，圆形，压扁或具棱，下部直径可达5毫米，光滑无毛，具光泽，黄白色或褐色，实心，髓白色，有时节处被白粉。叶鞘紧裹秆，背部具脊，通常生疣基硬毛；叶舌坚纸质，长1-2毫米，顶端钝圆，有睫毛；叶片线形，长10-50厘米，宽4-8毫米，基部通常近圆形，顶部渐尖，中脉显著，两面无毛或疏被柔毛，背面常粉白色，边缘略卷曲，粗糙。大型伪圆锥花序多回复出，由具佛焰苞的总状花序组成，长为全株的1/3-1/2；佛焰苞长2-3厘米；总状花序长15-17毫米，具长2-5毫米的花序梗，由7小穗组成。下部总苞状小穗对轮生于一平面，无柄，雄性，长圆状披针形，长7-10毫米；第一颖背面上部常生瘤基毛，具多数脉。无柄小穗两性，1枚，纺锤状圆柱形，长8-10毫米，基盘被褐色髯毛，锐利；第一颖革质，背部圆形，顶端钝，被短刚毛，第二颖与第一颖同质，等长，两边为第一颖所包卷。第一外稃短于颖；第二外稃退化为芒的基部，芒长3-6厘米，1-2回膝曲；颖果长圆形，胚线形，长为颖果的1/2。有柄小穗形似总苞状小穗，但较短，雄性或中性。花果期6-12月。
我国除新疆、青海、内蒙古等省区以外几均有分布；生于海拔80-2700米的干燥山坡、草地、路旁、林缘等处。日本、朝鲜等地亦有分布。
秆叶可供造纸或盖屋。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Themeda triandra Forssk?l
黄背草 huang bei cao
Anthistiria japonica Willdenow; Themeda barbinodis B. S. Sun & S. Wang; T. japonica (Willdenow) Tanaka; T. tri-andra var. japonica (Willdenow) Makino.
Perennial from a knotty rootstock. Culms tussocky, yellowish, usually farinose near nodes, 0.5–1.5 m tall. Leaf sheaths usually hispid with tubercle-based hairs; leaf blades 10–50 × 0.4–0.8 cm, glabrous or pilose, finely acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm, truncate, ciliate. Compound panicle lax, open, with spaced, often nodding spathate fascicles; spathes and spatheoles narrowly lanceolate, glabrous or thinly to densely tuberculate-hispid, innermost 2–3.5 cm. Raceme composed of a triad of 1 sessile and 2 pedicelled spikelets above the involucre of 2 homogamous pairs. Homogamous spikelets all sessile, arising at same level, staminate, both glumes present, 7–14 mm, oblong-lanceolate with lateral scarious wings, glabrous or hispid with tubercle-based hairs. Sessile spikelet 5–7 mm; callus 1.5–3 mm, pungent, brown bearded; lower glume dorsally rounded, dark brown, glossy, hispidulous in upper 1/3, smooth below; awn 3.7–7 cm. Pedicelled spikelet 7–12 mm, male or barren. Fl. and fr. Jun–Dec. 2n = 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80.
Dry mountain slopes, roadsides, forest margins; 100–3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia, Australia].
This is a highly polymorphic, predominantly apomictic species with a wide range of chromosome numbers.
The name Themeda arguens (Linnaeus) Hackel has been misapplied to this species in Yunnan. True T. arguens is not yet known from China. It occurs from Thailand and Vietnam to Australia, and can be distinguished by its reddish culms, very large, spathate fascicles with awns 7–9 cm, and longer callus 3–4 mm. It also differs from T. triandra by its glabrous leaf sheaths, blunter leaf blades, and homogamous spikelets consisting only of the lower glume.
《全国中草药汇编》:黄背草
【别名】 进肌草、黄背茅、草糖
【来源】 禾本科黄背草Themeda triandra Forsk. var. japonica （Willd.） Makino，以全草入药。
【生境分布】 东北、华北、华南、西南。
【性味】 甘，温。
【功能主治】 活血通经，祛风除湿。主治经闭，风湿疼痛。
【用法用量】 1～2两。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》