苏丹草Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf

别名：苏丹-额布苏;苏丹高梁;交草;

科名：禾本科 Gramineae

属名：高粱属 Sorghum

《中国植物志》第10(2)卷124页
  5. 苏丹草（胡先骕，国产牧草植物）
  Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 113. 1917; Snowden in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 55: 253. 1955; 华东禾本科植物志272. 1962.——Andropogon sorghum Subsp. sudanensis Piper in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 28: 33. 1915. ——Holcus sudanensis (Piper) Bailey, Gentes Herb. 1: 132. 1923. ——Andropogon sudanensis (Piper) Leppan et Bosman, Field Crops South Afr. 286. 1923.——Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense (Piper) Hitchc. in Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 147. 1927.
  一年生草本；须根粗壮。秆较细，高1-2.5米，直径3-6毫米，单生或自基部发出数至多秆而丛生。叶鞘基部者长于节间，上部者短于节间，无毛，或基部及鞘口具柔毛；叶舌硬膜质，棕褐色，顶端具毛；叶片线形或线状披针形，长15-30厘米，宽1-3厘米，向先端渐狭而尖锐，中部以下逐渐收狭，上面晴绿色或嵌有紫褐色的斑块，背面淡绿色，中脉粗，在背面隆起，两面无毛。圆锥花序狭长卵形至塔形，较疏松，长15-30厘米，宽6-12厘米，主轴具棱，棱间具浅沟槽，分枝斜升，开展，细弱而弯曲，具小刺毛而微粗糙，下部的分枝长7-12厘米，上部者较短，每一分枝具2-5节，具微毛。无柄小穗长椭圆形，或长椭圆状披针形，长6-7.5毫米，宽2-3毫米；第一颖纸质，边缘内折，具11-13脉，脉可达基部，脉间通常具横脉，第二颖背部圆凸，具5-7脉，可达中部或中部以下，脉间亦具横脉；第一外稃椭圆状披针形，透明膜质，长5-6.5毫米，无毛或边缘具纤毛；第二外稃卵形或卵状椭圆形，长3.5-4.5毫米，顶端具0.5-1毫米的裂缝，自裂缝间伸出长10-16毫米的芒，雄蕊3枚，花药长圆形，长约4毫米；花柱2枚，柱头帚状。颖果椭圆形至倒卵状椭圆形，长3.5-4.5毫米。有柄小穗宿存，雄性或有时为中性，长5.5-8毫米，绿黄色至紫褐色；稃体透明膜质，无芒。花果期7-9月。染色体数2n=20（Vachova，1978）。
  原产于非洲，现世界各国有引种栽培。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Sorghum sudanense  (Piper) Stapf
苏丹草   su dan cao
Andropogon sorghum subsp. sudanensis Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28(4): 33. 1915; A. sudanensis (Piper) Leppan & Bosman; Sorghum vulgare Persoon var. sudanense (Piper) Hitchcock.
Annual. Culms 1–2.5 m tall, 3–6 mm in diam. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pilose at mouth and base; leaf blades linear or linear-lanceolate; 15–30 × 1–3 cm, glabrous; ligule brown. Panicle lax, 15–30 × 6–12 cm; branches slender, branched; racemes usually tardily fragile at maturity, composed of 2–5 spikelet pairs. Sessile spikelet elliptic, 6–7.5 mm; callus hairy; lower glume leathery, thinner upward, thinly strigillose, distinctly 11–13-veined; upper lemma ovate or ovate-elliptic, apex 2-lobed, awned; awn 10–16 mm. Pedicelled spikelet male or barren, linear-lanceolate, persistent. Caryopsis elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 3.5–4.5 mm, enclosed within glumes. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 20.
Naturalized. Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Zhejiang [native to Africa; now widely cultivated for forage].
This taxon is a cultivated selection (Sudan Grass) from Sorghum ×drummondii (Steudel) Millspaugh & Chase. It originated in Africa, but is widely grown for forage and is now naturalized in China. Sorghum ×drummondii is a general name given to the wide variety of weedy forms that have arisen in Africa by hybridization between the cereal S. bicolor and its wild progenitor S. arundinaceum (Desvaux) Stapf.