别名：中国甘蔗;中国竹蔗;中国竹藨;红甘蔗;紫甘蔗;甘蔗【商品名】;黑甘蔗;草甘蔗;红皮甘蔗;黑皮甘蔗;友巴;芦蔗;甘蔗;甘藨;红甘蔗【商品名】;

科名：禾本科 Gramineae

属名：甘蔗属 Saccharum

《中国植物志》第10(2)卷042页
  3.竹蔗（食疗本草）草甘蔗（通称），友巴（国外通称），芦蔗（四川）
  Saccharum sinense Roxb. Pl. Coromand. 3: pl. 232. 1818, et Fl. Ind. 1: 244. 1820, et ed. Carey 1: 239. 1832; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 474. 1833; Steud. Syn. Glum. 1: 406. 1855; Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. et Geobot. 11: 151. 1942; 中国主要植物图说 ??禾本科763, 图706. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 212. 1960; Back. et al. Fl. Java 3: 585. 1968; Hsu in Taiwania 16: 331: 1971; 台湾的禾草759, pl. 275. 1975; 海南植物志4: 451. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 689-1978.——Saccharum chinense Osbeck, Dagbod Resa 248. 1757. nom. nud.; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 612. 1814, sine descr.; Nees in Hook. et Arnott. Bot. Beech. Voy. 241. 1841. ——Saccharum spontaneum var. sinense (Roxb. ) Anderss. in Oefv. Vet. Akad. Forh. 12: 157. 1855.
  秆直立粗壮，实心，高达3-4米，直径3-4厘米，具多数节，灰褐色，节下被蜡粉，花序以下的部分秆具白色丝状柔毛。叶鞘较长于节间，鞘口具长柔毛，顶端较宽于其叶片基部；叶舌长约2毫米，紧贴其背部密生细毛；叶片线状披针形，长达1米以上，宽3-5厘米，无毛，带灰白色，边缘具锯齿状粗糙，中脉白色，粗壮。圆锥花序大型，长30-60厘米，主轴被白色丝状柔毛，分枝细长，下部多少裸露，腋间密生柔毛；总状花序轴节间长6-8毫米，顶端稍膨大，边缘疏生长丝状毛；小穗柄长约4毫米，无毛；无柄小穗披针形，长约4.5毫米，带暗褐色，基盘具长于小穗2-3倍的丝状柔毛；颖几等长，上部为膜质，与其边缘均具纤毛；第一颖侧脉短；第二颖具3脉，上部生微毛；第一外稃长圆状披针形，具1脉，边缘具纤毛，第一内稃长约0.5毫米或不存在；第二外稃窄线形，长1.2-3毫米或退化；第二内稃宽卵形或长圆形，长1.5-2毫米，顶端2裂，钝圆或截平，具纤毛；雄蕊3枚，花药长1.5-2毫米；柱头紫褐色，长1.5-2毫米，自小穗中部两侧伸出。颖果卵圆形，长约1.2毫米，胚长为果体之半；鳞被2，长及宽为0.5毫米，顶端截平，无毛。花果期11月至翌年3月，大多不开花结实。染色体2n=116-118（Bremer，1931-1934），118-120（Price，1957）。
  我国江西、湖南、福建、广东、广西、四川、云南有种植，过去云南栽培比较普遍，在纬度偏北、海拔较高的地方生长。模式标本采自中国。
  秆粗壮高大，含糖分较高，为制糖的原料；但纤维多，蜡层厚，不利于出糖澄清。在栽培育种上，本种根状茎发达，宿根性好，分蘖力强，长势好，耐旱瘠力强，能粗放栽培。竹蔗的综合利用价值大，秆供生食并可入药，蔗梢与叶片为牛等家畜的饲料，蔗渣纤维是造纸原料以及压制隔音板材料，副产品还有糖浆、酒精等。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Saccharum sinense  Roxburgh
竹蔗   zhu zhe
Saccharum officinarum Linnaeus subsp. sinense (Roxburgh) Burkill; S. spontaneum Linnaeus var. sinense (Roxburgh) Andersson.
Perennial. Culms 3–4 m tall, 3–4 cm in diam., many-noded, solid, softly pilose below inflorescence. Leaf blades ca. 100 × 3–5 cm, glaucous, glabrous, midrib large, white, margins serrate; ligule ca. 2 mm. Panicle 30–60 cm, axis with white silky hairs; rachis internodes pilose. Spikelets ca. 4.5 mm; callus hairs 2–3 times length of spikelet; lower glume lanceolate, dark brown; lower lemma oblong-lanceolate; upper lemma linear, 1.2–3 mm or reduced, awnless. Lodicules glabrous. Anthers 3, 1.5–2 mm. Fl. and fr. Nov–Mar. 2n = 106–120*.
* Cultivated. S Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [of cultivated origin; cultivated elsewhere].
Canes of this form of cultivated sugarcane were sent from Guangzhou to Calcutta in 1796, establishing its cultivation in India. Like Sac-charum barberi, this is a primitive form of sugarcane of hybrid origin with introgression from wild species. A number of different clones exists, and these are usually included in S. officinarum as the Pansahi group, of which the best known is the Uba cane. The clone Tekcha, which was cultivated in Taiwan for many years, also belongs here. Sac-charum sinense clones have been used in breeding programmes, and many modern cultivars have this species in their ancestry.

The leaf blades and uppermost part of the culms are used for forage. The whole culm except the apex is used for sugar and medicine.