钩毛草Pseudechinolaena polystachya (H. B. K.) Stapf
钩毛草Pseudechinolaena polystachya (H. B. K.) Stapf
1.钩毛草（禾本科图说）马耳朵草（云南）图版73，128：13
Pseudechinolaena polystachya (H. B. K.) Stapf in Prin, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 495. 1919; 中国主要植物图说 禾本科669. 图612. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burm. Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 352: 1960; H. B. Gill. et al. Fl. Malaya 3: 202. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 136. 图7155. 1976; 海南植物志4: 415. 1977.——Echinolaena polystachya H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 119. 1816.——Panicum uncinatum Raddi. Agrost. Bras. 41. 1823. ——Lappago aliena Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 3:15. 1822.——Panicum glandulosum Nees ex Trin. Gram. Panic. 174. 1826. ——Panicum nemorosum Trin. Gram. Panic. 173. 1826. ——Panicum heteranthum Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 212. 1827.——Panicum polystachyum (H. B. K. ) K. Schum. in Eagler, Pflanzenw. Ost. -Afr. 5(C): 103. 1895.
秆细弱，下部平卧地上，节上生根，被髭毛，下部节间疏生短毛，花枝上举，高40-80厘米。叶鞘通常短于节间，松弛，边缘一侧密被纤毛；叶舌膜质，长1-2毫米，先端撕裂，常被细纤毛；叶片扁平，质较薄，披针形，长2-8厘米，宽6-12毫米，无毛或疏生短硬毛，先端渐尖，基部圆楔形。圆锥花序狭窄，长5-15厘米，具3-5总状分枝，分枝花序长2-4厘米，花序轴具角棱；小穗长4-5毫米，稀疏排列；小穗柄长1-2毫米；第一颖纸质，披针形，稍短于小穗或等长于小穗，先端渐尖，具3脉；第二颖质地较厚，舟形，常与小穗等长或稍短，具7脉，脉间有钩状刺毛，成熟后开展；第一小花大都中性，外稃等长于小穗，具7脉，内稃披针形，旋卷；第二小花两性，纺缍形，渐尖头，长约3毫米，平滑；光亮；鳞被2，膜质；雄蕊3；花柱基部联合。颖果纺锤形、先端尖，长约2.5毫米。染色体2n=36（Tateoka，1965a）。花果期9-10月。
产福建、云南、广东、广西；生于山地疏林下。亚洲热带、非洲和南美也有分布。模式标本采自南美洲哥伦比亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf
钩毛草 gou mao cao
Echinolaena polystachya Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 119. 1816; Panicum heteranthum Link; P. uncinatum Raddi.
Culms slender, stoloniferous, rooting and forming a loose mat, up to 50 cm tall. Leaf sheaths usually shorter than the internodes; leaf blades lanceolate, thin, 2–8 × 0.6–1.2 cm, glabrous or hispidulous, apex acute or acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm. Inflorescence narrow, 5–15 cm, bearing 3–5 loosely ascending racemes with distant spikelet pairs, lowest raceme 1–4 cm; pedicels 1–2 mm. Spikelets 4–5 mm; glumes papery, the lower lanceolate, 3-veined, acuminate, the upper thicker, navicular, 7-veined, with tubercle-based hooks between the veins; lower lemma 7-veined; upper lemma subcoriaceous, ca. 3 mm, pale, glossy. Caryopsis fusiform, ca. 2.5 mm, acute. Fl. and fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 36.
Forest shade. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Xizang, Yunnan [throughout the tropics].
别名：马耳朵草;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：钩毛草属 Pseudechinolaena
1.钩毛草（禾本科图说）马耳朵草（云南）图版73，128：13
Pseudechinolaena polystachya (H. B. K.) Stapf in Prin, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 495. 1919; 中国主要植物图说 禾本科669. 图612. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burm. Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 352: 1960; H. B. Gill. et al. Fl. Malaya 3: 202. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 136. 图7155. 1976; 海南植物志4: 415. 1977.——Echinolaena polystachya H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 119. 1816.——Panicum uncinatum Raddi. Agrost. Bras. 41. 1823. ——Lappago aliena Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 3:15. 1822.——Panicum glandulosum Nees ex Trin. Gram. Panic. 174. 1826. ——Panicum nemorosum Trin. Gram. Panic. 173. 1826. ——Panicum heteranthum Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 212. 1827.——Panicum polystachyum (H. B. K. ) K. Schum. in Eagler, Pflanzenw. Ost. -Afr. 5(C): 103. 1895.
秆细弱，下部平卧地上，节上生根，被髭毛，下部节间疏生短毛，花枝上举，高40-80厘米。叶鞘通常短于节间，松弛，边缘一侧密被纤毛；叶舌膜质，长1-2毫米，先端撕裂，常被细纤毛；叶片扁平，质较薄，披针形，长2-8厘米，宽6-12毫米，无毛或疏生短硬毛，先端渐尖，基部圆楔形。圆锥花序狭窄，长5-15厘米，具3-5总状分枝，分枝花序长2-4厘米，花序轴具角棱；小穗长4-5毫米，稀疏排列；小穗柄长1-2毫米；第一颖纸质，披针形，稍短于小穗或等长于小穗，先端渐尖，具3脉；第二颖质地较厚，舟形，常与小穗等长或稍短，具7脉，脉间有钩状刺毛，成熟后开展；第一小花大都中性，外稃等长于小穗，具7脉，内稃披针形，旋卷；第二小花两性，纺缍形，渐尖头，长约3毫米，平滑；光亮；鳞被2，膜质；雄蕊3；花柱基部联合。颖果纺锤形、先端尖，长约2.5毫米。染色体2n=36（Tateoka，1965a）。花果期9-10月。
产福建、云南、广东、广西；生于山地疏林下。亚洲热带、非洲和南美也有分布。模式标本采自南美洲哥伦比亚。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf
钩毛草 gou mao cao
Echinolaena polystachya Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 119. 1816; Panicum heteranthum Link; P. uncinatum Raddi.
Culms slender, stoloniferous, rooting and forming a loose mat, up to 50 cm tall. Leaf sheaths usually shorter than the internodes; leaf blades lanceolate, thin, 2–8 × 0.6–1.2 cm, glabrous or hispidulous, apex acute or acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm. Inflorescence narrow, 5–15 cm, bearing 3–5 loosely ascending racemes with distant spikelet pairs, lowest raceme 1–4 cm; pedicels 1–2 mm. Spikelets 4–5 mm; glumes papery, the lower lanceolate, 3-veined, acuminate, the upper thicker, navicular, 7-veined, with tubercle-based hooks between the veins; lower lemma 7-veined; upper lemma subcoriaceous, ca. 3 mm, pale, glossy. Caryopsis fusiform, ca. 2.5 mm, acute. Fl. and fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 36.
Forest shade. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Xizang, Yunnan [throughout the tropics].