灰竹Phyllostachys nuda McClure
灰竹Phyllostachys nuda McClure
6. 灰竹（江苏植物志） 净竹（华东禾本科植物志），石竹（江苏、浙江）
Phyllostachys nuda McClure in Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 35: 288. f. 2. 1945. et in Agr. Handb. USDA No.114: 48. ff. 36, 37. 1957; 华东禾本科植物志 309页. 图333. 1962; 江苏植物志, 上册 157页. 图246. 1977; Fl. Taiwan 5: 730. pl. 1494. 1978; 中国竹谱 75页. 1988. —— P. nuda f. lucida Wen in Bull. Bot. Res. 2(1): 75. 1982.
形态特征：竿高6—9米，粗2—4厘米，劲直或常于基部呈“之”字形曲折，幼竿深绿色，被白粉，节处常为暗紫色，节—卜方有暗紫色晕斑，无毛，老竿灰绿色至灰白色；节间长达30厘米，有纵肋，竿壁厚，为竿粗的1／2—1／3；竿环强烈隆起，高于稍隆起的箨环。箨鞘背面为淡绿紫色或淡红褐色，具紫色纵脉纹和紫褐色斑块，尤以箨鞘的上部为常见，被白粉，因脉间有微疣基刺毛而微粗糙；无箨耳及鞘口缝毛；箨舌黄绿色，狭而高，其高约4毫米，顶端截形，边缘生短纤毛；箨片绿色，另有紫色纵脉纹，狭三角形至带状，外翻，幼时微皱曲，以后平直。末级小枝具2—4叶，无叶耳及鞘口继毛；叶片披针形至带状披针形，长8—16厘米。花枝呈穗状，长5—9厘米，基部有3—5片逐渐增大的鳞片状苞片；佛焰苞5—7片，边缘生柔毛，无叶耳及鞘口继毛，缩小叶小，卵状披针形至锥状，每苞腋有2或3枚假小穗，基部的1或2片佛焰苞常不孕而早落。小穗含1或2朵小花，长2．7—3．5厘米，狭披针形；小穗轴最后延伸成针状，节间密生短柔毛；颖不存在或为1片；外稃长2．5—3厘米，无毛或仅边缘疏生短柔毛；内稃长2—2．5厘米，通常无毛；鳞被3，长约4毫米；花药长约1厘米；柱头2或3，羽毛状。笋期4—5月，花期5月。
用 途：笋质优良，壳薄肉厚，俗称“石笋”，是加工天目笋干的主要原料；竿节甚突起，不易劈篾，但壁厚坚实，多作竹器柱脚，也作柄材使用。
产地分布：产陕西、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、台湾及湖南。1908年由浙江余杭县塘栖引入美国栽培。模式标本采自美国。
参考文献：PhyllostachysnudaMcClureinJourn．Wash．Acad．Sci．35：288．F．2.1945．EtinAgr．Handb．USDANo．114：48．Ff．36，37．1957；华东禾本科植物志309页．图333．1962；江苏植物志，上册157页．图246。1977；Fl．Taiwan5：730．Pl．1494．1978；中国竹谱75页．1988．—P．Nudaf．LucidaWeninBull．Bot．Res.2(1)：75．1982．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Phyllostachys nuda McClure
灰竹 hui zhu
Culms 6–9 m, 2–4 cm in diam., sometimes with 1 or 2 geniculate nodes near base; internodes initially dark green, basal nodes blotched dark purple, becoming gray-green or gray-white in age, striate, to 30 cm, distally white powdery, glabrous; wall ca. 1/3 diam. of internodes; nodes initially dark purple, nodal ridge elevated, more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths green-purple or faintly red-brown with purple veins, basal and mid-culm nodes distally blotched dark brown, white powdery, slightly scabrous between veins; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule yellow-green, truncate, ca. 4 mm, narrow, ciliate; blade reflexed, narrowly triangular to linear, initially weakly crinkled, later flat. Leaves 2–4 per ultimate branch; auricles and oral setae absent; blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 8–16 cm. Flowering branches spicate, 5–9 cm; bracts 3–5, gradually larger; spathes 5–7, lowest 1 or 2 sterile and deciduous, margins pubescent, auricles and oral setae absent; blade ovate-lanceolate to subulate, small. Pseudospikelets 2 or 3 per spathe. Spikelets lanceolate, 2.5–3.4 cm; florets 1 or 2. Glumes absent or 1; rachilla internodes densely puberulent; lemma 2.5–3 cm, margins glabrous or sparsely puberulent; palea 2–2.5 cm, usually glabrous; lodicules ca. 4 mm. Anthers ca. 1 cm. Stigmas 2 or 3. Inflorescence not known. New shoots Apr–May, fl. May.
* Cultivated. Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
This is a very hardy species with delicious shoots. The tough culms are used for handles of farm implements.
别名：小竹;净竹;石竹;木竹;焦壳淡竹;乌焦竹;焦壳竹;裸箨竹;湖堤竹;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：刚竹属 Phyllostachys
6. 灰竹（江苏植物志） 净竹（华东禾本科植物志），石竹（江苏、浙江）
Phyllostachys nuda McClure in Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 35: 288. f. 2. 1945. et in Agr. Handb. USDA No.114: 48. ff. 36, 37. 1957; 华东禾本科植物志 309页. 图333. 1962; 江苏植物志, 上册 157页. 图246. 1977; Fl. Taiwan 5: 730. pl. 1494. 1978; 中国竹谱 75页. 1988. —— P. nuda f. lucida Wen in Bull. Bot. Res. 2(1): 75. 1982.
形态特征：竿高6—9米，粗2—4厘米，劲直或常于基部呈“之”字形曲折，幼竿深绿色，被白粉，节处常为暗紫色，节—卜方有暗紫色晕斑，无毛，老竿灰绿色至灰白色；节间长达30厘米，有纵肋，竿壁厚，为竿粗的1／2—1／3；竿环强烈隆起，高于稍隆起的箨环。箨鞘背面为淡绿紫色或淡红褐色，具紫色纵脉纹和紫褐色斑块，尤以箨鞘的上部为常见，被白粉，因脉间有微疣基刺毛而微粗糙；无箨耳及鞘口缝毛；箨舌黄绿色，狭而高，其高约4毫米，顶端截形，边缘生短纤毛；箨片绿色，另有紫色纵脉纹，狭三角形至带状，外翻，幼时微皱曲，以后平直。末级小枝具2—4叶，无叶耳及鞘口继毛；叶片披针形至带状披针形，长8—16厘米。花枝呈穗状，长5—9厘米，基部有3—5片逐渐增大的鳞片状苞片；佛焰苞5—7片，边缘生柔毛，无叶耳及鞘口继毛，缩小叶小，卵状披针形至锥状，每苞腋有2或3枚假小穗，基部的1或2片佛焰苞常不孕而早落。小穗含1或2朵小花，长2．7—3．5厘米，狭披针形；小穗轴最后延伸成针状，节间密生短柔毛；颖不存在或为1片；外稃长2．5—3厘米，无毛或仅边缘疏生短柔毛；内稃长2—2．5厘米，通常无毛；鳞被3，长约4毫米；花药长约1厘米；柱头2或3，羽毛状。笋期4—5月，花期5月。
用 途：笋质优良，壳薄肉厚，俗称“石笋”，是加工天目笋干的主要原料；竿节甚突起，不易劈篾，但壁厚坚实，多作竹器柱脚，也作柄材使用。
产地分布：产陕西、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、台湾及湖南。1908年由浙江余杭县塘栖引入美国栽培。模式标本采自美国。
参考文献：PhyllostachysnudaMcClureinJourn．Wash．Acad．Sci．35：288．F．2.1945．EtinAgr．Handb．USDANo．114：48．Ff．36，37．1957；华东禾本科植物志309页．图333．1962；江苏植物志，上册157页．图246。1977；Fl．Taiwan5：730．Pl．1494．1978；中国竹谱75页．1988．—P．Nudaf．LucidaWeninBull．Bot．Res.2(1)：75．1982．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Phyllostachys nuda McClure
灰竹 hui zhu
Culms 6–9 m, 2–4 cm in diam., sometimes with 1 or 2 geniculate nodes near base; internodes initially dark green, basal nodes blotched dark purple, becoming gray-green or gray-white in age, striate, to 30 cm, distally white powdery, glabrous; wall ca. 1/3 diam. of internodes; nodes initially dark purple, nodal ridge elevated, more prominent than sheath scar. Culm sheaths green-purple or faintly red-brown with purple veins, basal and mid-culm nodes distally blotched dark brown, white powdery, slightly scabrous between veins; auricles and oral setae absent; ligule yellow-green, truncate, ca. 4 mm, narrow, ciliate; blade reflexed, narrowly triangular to linear, initially weakly crinkled, later flat. Leaves 2–4 per ultimate branch; auricles and oral setae absent; blade lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 8–16 cm. Flowering branches spicate, 5–9 cm; bracts 3–5, gradually larger; spathes 5–7, lowest 1 or 2 sterile and deciduous, margins pubescent, auricles and oral setae absent; blade ovate-lanceolate to subulate, small. Pseudospikelets 2 or 3 per spathe. Spikelets lanceolate, 2.5–3.4 cm; florets 1 or 2. Glumes absent or 1; rachilla internodes densely puberulent; lemma 2.5–3 cm, margins glabrous or sparsely puberulent; palea 2–2.5 cm, usually glabrous; lodicules ca. 4 mm. Anthers ca. 1 cm. Stigmas 2 or 3. Inflorescence not known. New shoots Apr–May, fl. May.
* Cultivated. Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang.
This is a very hardy species with delicious shoots. The tough culms are used for handles of farm implements.