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假毛竹Phyllostachys kwangsiensis W. Y. Hsiung et al.

假毛竹Phyllostachys kwangsiensis W. Y. Hsiung et al.

别名:假楠竹;金竹;

科名:禾本科 Gramineae

属名:刚竹属 Phyllostachys

《中国植物志》第9(1)卷279页
  22.假毛竹(植物分类学报)图版74:4-6
  Phyllostachys kwangsiensis W. Y. Hsiung et al. in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 34. f. 7. 1980;广西竹种及其栽培121页.图64. 1987。
  竿高8-16米,粗4-10厘米,体高耸而挺立,幼竿密被短柔毛,箨环上下方均有白粉,老竿黄绿色或黄色;中、下部节间长度均匀,一般长约35厘米,壁厚约4毫米,竿环在分枝以下不明显隆起,低于箨环。箨鞘背面褐紫色,疏生深褐色小斑点及少数条纹,被刺毛;箨耳不明显,但具紫色长鞘口繸毛;箨舌紫红色,截形乃至拱形,边缘密生长为1-2厘米的长纤毛;箨片长披针形至带状,外翻,皱曲,绿紫色,但边缘为淡黄色。末级小枝具1-4叶;鞘口繸毛发达;叶舌明显突出,边缘具长纤毛;叶片带状披针形,长10-15厘米,宽0.8-1.5厘米,两面疏生柔毛。花枝呈穗状,长可达10厘米,基部有4-6片逐渐增大的鳞片状苞片;佛焰苞4-7片,无毛,常有1或2根鞘口繸毛,缩小叶卵状披针形至锥状;每片佛焰苞内生有2或3枚假小穗。小穗含2或3朵小花;小穗轴节间有毛;颖1片,疏生短柔毛;外稃长2-2.5厘米,被细刺毛;内稃明显短于其外稃,背面中、上部有细刺毛;鳞被长椭圆状菱形,长约4毫米,被微毛;花药长7-8毫米;柱头仅见到2枚,羽毛状。笋期4月,花期4-5月。
  产湖南、广东、广西,尤以广西较多,自然生长于广西中、北部针叶林或阔叶林中,其他地区均为引种栽培。模式标本采自广西融安。
  竹材坚韧细密,节间长而匀称,宜劈篾编制各种器具,整竿供建筑及家具用;笋可食。
  本种与毛竹P. heterocycla (Carr.)Mitford cv. Pubescens不同处在于本种的竿径较细,节间长度均匀,箨鞘之斑点较小而稀疏,箨舌截平或呈拱形,叶片较大,两表面均疏生柔毛,颇易区别。
形态特征:竿高8—16米,粗4—10厘米,体高耸而挺立,幼竿密被短柔毛,箨环上下方均有白粉,老竿黄绿色或黄色;中、下部节间长度均匀,一般长约35厘米,壁厚约4毫米,竿环在分枝以下不明显隆起,低于箨环。箨鞘背面褐紫色,疏生深褐色小斑点及少数条纹,被刺毛;箨耳不明显,但具紫色长鞘口继毛;箨舌紫红色,截形乃至拱形,边缘密生长为1-2厘米的长纤毛;箨片长披针形至带状,外翻,皱曲,绿紫色,但边缘为淡黄色。末级小枝具l—4叶;鞘口燧毛发达;叶舌明显突出,边缘具长纤毛;叶片带状披针形,长10—15厘米,宽0.8-1.5厘米,两面疏生柔毛。花枝呈穗状,长可达10厘米,基部有4—6片逐渐增大的鳞片状苞片;佛焰苞4—7片,无毛,常有1或2根鞘口燧毛,缩小叶卵状披针形至锥状;每片佛焰苞内生有2或3枚假小穗。小穗含2或3朵小花;小穗轴节间有毛;颖1片,疏生短柔毛;外稃长2—2.5厘米,被细刺毛;内稃明显短于其外稃,背面中、上部有细刺毛;鳞被长椭圆状菱形,长约4毫米,被微毛;花药长7—8毫米;柱头仅见到2枚,羽毛状。笋期4月,花期4—5月。
用    途:竹材坚韧细密,节间长而匀称,宜劈篾编制各种器具,整竿供建筑及家具用;笋可食。
产地分布:产湖南、广东、广西,尤以广西较多,自然生长于广西中、北部针叶林或阔叶林中,其他地区均为引种栽培。模式标本采自广西融安。
本种提示:本种与毛竹P.Heterocycla(Carr.)Mitfordcv.Pubescens不同处在于本种的竿径较细,节间长度均匀,箨鞘之斑点较小而稀疏,箨舌截平或呈拱形,叶片较大,两表面均疏生柔毛,颇易区别。
参考文献:PhyllostachyskwangsiensisW.Y.Hsiungetal.inAct.Phytotax.Sin.18(1):34.F.7.1980;广西竹种及其栽培121页.图64.1987。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Phyllostachys kwangsiensis  W. Y. Hsiung, Q. H. Dai & J. K. Liu
假毛竹   jia mao zhu
Culms 8–16 m, 4–10 cm in diam., straight; internodes initially green, becoming yellow-green or yellow, ca. 35 cm, white powdery above and below nodes, densely puberulent; wall ca. 4 mm thick; nodal ridge less prominent than sheath scar, absent at unbranched nodes. Culm sheaths brown-purple, with small sparse dark brown spots and few stripes, strigose; auricles inconspicuous; oral setae purple, long; ligule red-purple, truncate to arcuate, with dense cilia 1–2 mm; blade reflexed, green-purple, with yellow margins, narrowly lanceolate to linear, crinkled. Leaves 1–4 per ultimate branch; oral setae well developed; ligule strongly exserted, long ciliate; blade 10–15 × 0.8–1.5 cm, both surfaces sparsely puberulent. Flowering branchlets spicate, to 10 cm; scaly bracts 4–6, gradually larger; spathes 4–7, glabrous, usually with 1 or 2 oral setae; blade ovate-lanceolate to subulate. Pseudospikelets 2 or 3 per spathe. Spikelets with 2 or 3 florets. Glumes 1, sparsely puberulent; rachilla internodes pubescent; lemma 2–2.5 cm, setulose; palea shorter than lemma, centrally and distally setulose; lodicules oblong-rhomboid, ca. 4 mm, puberulent. Anthers 7–8 mm. Stigmas 2. New shoots Apr, fl. Apr–May.
* Broad-leaved forests. Guangxi; also cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang.
The tough, compact culms have internodes long and even in length. They are used unsplit for furniture and building materials and split for weaving various articles.

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