大花茅根Perotis macrantha Honda
大花茅根Perotis macrantha Honda
1.大花茅根（拟）图版38: 1-3
Perotis macrantha Honda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 41: 638. 1927; et in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo sect. lll. Bot. 3: 319. 1930;台湾的禾草435. 图113. 1975; 台湾植物志5: 498. 1978. ——Perotis indica auct. non (L.) Kuntze; 中国主要植物图说禾本科734. 图682. 1959;海南植物志4: 394. 1977, p. p.
一年生或多年生草本。须根柔韧。秆丛生，基部通常倾斜或卧伏，高25-40厘米。叶鞘无毛，秆上部者略短于节间；叶舌膜质，极短小；叶片质硬，披针形或狭披针形，长1.5-3厘米，宽2-5毫米，扁平或稍内卷，两面无毛，边缘稍粗糙，基部宽，略呈心形而抱茎。穗形总状花序直立，长10-20厘米，宽2-3厘米（连芒），穗轴具纵沟，小穗脱落后小穗柄宿存于主轴上；小穗线形，长3.5-4.5毫米（不连芒），基部具明显的基盘，长0.5-1毫米，成熟后向外反转，几与穗轴成水平开展；颖披针形，均具1脉，背部具微细柔毛，顶端渐尖且延伸成1-2厘米的细芒；外稃长约1.5毫米，具1脉；内释长约1.2毫米，但较窄，具不明显的2脉；花药淡黄色，长约0.6毫米。颖果棕褐色，细柱形，向上渐狭，长约2.5毫米。花果期6-11月。
产我国东南沿海一带，东南至台湾，南至海南；生于潮湿的海边平原沙土草地上。
本种在体态和小穗构造上均似茅根（Perotis indica（L.）Kuntze）我国一些禾草学者过去也把本种定名为茅根；但经作者把本种与借自英国邱园标本室的标本[（C. P. Thwaites 964，Ceylon; C. A. Barber 2730，Madras; Helfer 724，Burma; Nusker 1199, Bengal.上述4号标本均经Bor所引用，并定名为Perotis indica（L.） Kuntze） ]进行比较后，两者确有区别，主要是茅根小穗较小，长都在2毫米左右，且基盘较短，长约0.3毫米；而本种小穗明显较大，长3.5-4.5毫米，且基盘较长（0.5-0.8毫米）。在地理分布上，茅根的分布中心更加偏南。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Perotis rara R. Brown
大花茅根 da hua mao gen
Diplachyrium rarum (R. Brown) Nees; Perotis longiflora Nees; P. macrantha Honda; P. patula Nees; Saccharum rarum (R. Brown) Poiret.
Annual or short-lived perennial. Culms loosely tufted, decumbent at base, 15–40 cm tall. Leaf sheaths glabrous; leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly ovate, flat or margins involute, tough, 1.5–5 cm, 2–5 mm wide, glaucous, glabrous, margins spiny-scabrous, pectinate at base, apex acute. Inflorescence up to 20 cm; spikelets laxly arranged, horizontally spreading, lightly reflexed at maturity; rachis scaberulous-hirtellous. Spikelets 3.5–4.5 mm (excluding awns); basal callus 0.5–1.5 mm, narrowly obconical, flattened, sometimes laterally pubescent; glumes linear-lanceolate, back evenly scaberulous-hirtellous with short white hairs, midvein scabrous with longer prickles toward awn, apex gradually tapering into awn; awn 1–2.5 cm; lemma 1.2–1.5 mm. Anthers ca. 0.6 mm. Caryopsis terete, subulate, ca. 2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Nov.
Sandy seashores. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
This species is at the northern limit of its range in S China, and can be distinguished by its much more loosely arranged inflorescence of very narrow spikelets, with the tips drawn out into longer awns.
别名：comet grass;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：茅根属 Perotis
1.大花茅根（拟）图版38: 1-3
Perotis macrantha Honda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 41: 638. 1927; et in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo sect. lll. Bot. 3: 319. 1930;台湾的禾草435. 图113. 1975; 台湾植物志5: 498. 1978. ——Perotis indica auct. non (L.) Kuntze; 中国主要植物图说禾本科734. 图682. 1959;海南植物志4: 394. 1977, p. p.
一年生或多年生草本。须根柔韧。秆丛生，基部通常倾斜或卧伏，高25-40厘米。叶鞘无毛，秆上部者略短于节间；叶舌膜质，极短小；叶片质硬，披针形或狭披针形，长1.5-3厘米，宽2-5毫米，扁平或稍内卷，两面无毛，边缘稍粗糙，基部宽，略呈心形而抱茎。穗形总状花序直立，长10-20厘米，宽2-3厘米（连芒），穗轴具纵沟，小穗脱落后小穗柄宿存于主轴上；小穗线形，长3.5-4.5毫米（不连芒），基部具明显的基盘，长0.5-1毫米，成熟后向外反转，几与穗轴成水平开展；颖披针形，均具1脉，背部具微细柔毛，顶端渐尖且延伸成1-2厘米的细芒；外稃长约1.5毫米，具1脉；内释长约1.2毫米，但较窄，具不明显的2脉；花药淡黄色，长约0.6毫米。颖果棕褐色，细柱形，向上渐狭，长约2.5毫米。花果期6-11月。
产我国东南沿海一带，东南至台湾，南至海南；生于潮湿的海边平原沙土草地上。
本种在体态和小穗构造上均似茅根（Perotis indica（L.）Kuntze）我国一些禾草学者过去也把本种定名为茅根；但经作者把本种与借自英国邱园标本室的标本[（C. P. Thwaites 964，Ceylon; C. A. Barber 2730，Madras; Helfer 724，Burma; Nusker 1199, Bengal.上述4号标本均经Bor所引用，并定名为Perotis indica（L.） Kuntze） ]进行比较后，两者确有区别，主要是茅根小穗较小，长都在2毫米左右，且基盘较短，长约0.3毫米；而本种小穗明显较大，长3.5-4.5毫米，且基盘较长（0.5-0.8毫米）。在地理分布上，茅根的分布中心更加偏南。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Perotis rara R. Brown
大花茅根 da hua mao gen
Diplachyrium rarum (R. Brown) Nees; Perotis longiflora Nees; P. macrantha Honda; P. patula Nees; Saccharum rarum (R. Brown) Poiret.
Annual or short-lived perennial. Culms loosely tufted, decumbent at base, 15–40 cm tall. Leaf sheaths glabrous; leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly ovate, flat or margins involute, tough, 1.5–5 cm, 2–5 mm wide, glaucous, glabrous, margins spiny-scabrous, pectinate at base, apex acute. Inflorescence up to 20 cm; spikelets laxly arranged, horizontally spreading, lightly reflexed at maturity; rachis scaberulous-hirtellous. Spikelets 3.5–4.5 mm (excluding awns); basal callus 0.5–1.5 mm, narrowly obconical, flattened, sometimes laterally pubescent; glumes linear-lanceolate, back evenly scaberulous-hirtellous with short white hairs, midvein scabrous with longer prickles toward awn, apex gradually tapering into awn; awn 1–2.5 cm; lemma 1.2–1.5 mm. Anthers ca. 0.6 mm. Caryopsis terete, subulate, ca. 2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Nov.
Sandy seashores. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
This species is at the northern limit of its range in S China, and can be distinguished by its much more loosely arranged inflorescence of very narrow spikelets, with the tips drawn out into longer awns.