柳枝稷Panicum virgatum Linn.

别名：switchgrass;

科名：禾本科 Gramineae

属名：黍属 Panicum

《中国植物志》第10(1)卷200页
  1. 柳枝稷（禾本科图说）图版60：11
  Panicum virgatum L. Sp. Pl. 59. 1753; Hitchc. et A. Chase, North. Americ. Sp. Panic. 87. 1910;中国主要植物图说 禾本科652. 图590. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴5. 862. 1976.——Panicum coloratum auct. non L. : Walt. Fl. Corol. 73. 1788. ——Eatonia purpurascens Rafin. in Journ. Phys. Chym, 89:104. 1819. ——Panicum purinisum Bernh. ex Trin. Gram. Panic. 191. 1826.——Panicum giganteum Scheels in Linnae 22:340. 1849. ——Panicum glaberrimum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:94. 1854. Ichnanthus glaber Link ex Steud. l. c. nomen——Panicum kunthii auct. non Steud. 1841: Forb. ex Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3:490. 1885. ——Chasea virgata (L.) Nieuwl. in Amer. Midl. Nat. 2:64. 1911. ——Milium virgatum (L.) Lunell in Amer. Midl. Nat. 4:212. 1915.
  多年生草本。根茎被鳞片。秆直立，质较坚硬，高1-2米。叶鞘无毛，上部的短于节间；叶舌短小，长约0.5毫米，顶端具睫毛；叶片线形，长20-40厘米，宽约5毫米，顶端长尖，两面无毛或上面基部具长柔毛。圆锥花序开展，长20-30厘米，分枝粗糙，疏生小枝与小穗；小穗椭圆形，顶端尖，无毛，长约5毫米，绿色或带紫色，第一颖长约为小穗的2/3-3/4，顶端尖至喙尖，具5脉；第二颖与小穗等长，顶端喙尖，具7脉；第一外稃与第二颖同形但稍短，具7脉，顶端喙尖，其内稃较短，内包3雄蕊；第二外稃长椭圆形，顶端稍尖，长约3毫米，平滑，光亮。染色体2n=21，25，30，32（Brown，1948）36, 72（Church, 1929）。花果期6-10月。
  原产北美；我国引种栽培作牧草。模式标本采自美国。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Panicum virgatum  Linnaeus
柳枝稷   liu zhi ji
Chasea virgata (Linnaeus) Nieuwland; Milium virgatum (Linnaeus) Lunell; Panicum giganteum Scheele; P. glaberri-mum Steudel; P. purinisum Bernhardi ex Trinius.
Perennial with scaly rhizomes. Culms tough, erect, 60–200 cm tall, usually unbranched, nodes glabrous or pubescent. Leaves basal and cauline; leaf sheaths rounded, glabrous; leaf blades linear, flat, 20–40 × 0.3–1.5 cm, glabrous, apex acuminate; ligule 1.5–7 mm, a ciliate fringe, membranous at the base. Panicle open, oblong or rhomboid in outline, 15–55 cm, the spikelets often clustered on the secondary branches. Spikelets ovate, 3–5 mm, glabrous; glumes ovate, acuminate; lower glume 2/3–3/4 length of spikelet, 5-veined; upper glume as long as spikelet, 5-veined; lower floret staminate, lemma similar to upper glume, 5–7-veined, palea well developed; upper floret pale, shiny. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 21, 25, 30, 32, 36, 72.
Commonly cultivated for forage [native to North America].