求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Beauv.
求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Beauv.
1．求米草（台湾植物名录）缩箬（植物学大辞典）
Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 54, 168. 171. 1812 nom. nud. ; Roem. et Schuit. Syst. Veg. 2: 482. 1817; Rendle in Journ, Linn. Soc Bot. 86: 338. 1904; Merr. in Philip. Journ, Sci. 18: 130. 1918; Honda in Journ. Fac. Univ. Tokyo Sect. lll Bot. 3: 1930; Keng in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. China Bot. Ser. 10: 197. 1936; Ohwi in Acta Phytotag. et Geobot. 11: 34. 1942; 中国主要植物图说 禾本科617. 图615. 1959;华东禾本科植物志187. 1962;台湾的禾草545. 图167. 1975: 台湾植物志5:565. 1978; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 163. 图7156. 1976.——Panicum undulatifolius Arduino, Animad. Spec, Alt. 14. Pl. 4. 1764. ——Orthopogon undulatifolius Spreng, Syat. Vat. 1: 306. 1825.
形态特征：一年生草本。秆基部平卧或膝曲，高20—50Cm。叶鞘遍布有疣基的短刺毛或仪边缘具纤毛；叶舌腆质、短小;叶片披针形，长4—10cm，宽5—15mm，先端尖，基部略圆形而歪斜，两面密生柔毛，叶面皱缩不平。圆锥花序长5—10cm；小穗簇生或近顶端者双生，卵圆形，长约3—4mm，第一颖具3脉，长为小穗的1／2，顶端有长7—10mm的芒；第二颖具5脉，芒较短；第一外稃具7—9脉．无芒，顶端有短尖头，第二外稃革质，边缘卷包内稃(图22)。
地理分布：分布于我国南北各地。在旧大陆的热带及温带广泛分布。
生态特征：求米草属匍匐低矮小草本，喜生于阴湿的林子、路边，也分布在低山丘陵地。每年早春种子萌发生长，当气温上升10—12℃，植株生长旺盛时，发达的匍匐茎节—上即生出许多不定根和腋芽，随后发育成地上枝。待地上枝长到一定高度时，它又靠近地面匍匐生长，再形成为数众多的地上枝，如此不断繁衍，在不长的时间内，求米草即可覆盖地面，形成簇生分布的单优势种群落。在江西庐山地区，求米草每年7月底开花，8月结实，由于它不断分生出新的地上枝，地上枝的花果期也相应地往后推迟，这样整株的花果期甚至可以延长到7一11月。求米草对水肥反应敏感，在土壤肥沃、水分充足处生长繁茂，分生出的新株也多，且茎节长，叶宽而柔嫩，产量高。求米草对光的反应也敏感，但对土壤要求却不严，可生长不同类土壤上。
饲用价值：求米草草质柔软，适口性好，营养丰富。整个植株 在生育朋内，均可饲用，又可调制干草，是较为理想的放牧草。牛、羊都喜食，此外，求米草是保土植物。它的化学成分见表22。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Roemer & Schultes
求米草 qiu mi cao
Perennial. Culms slender, straggling, ascending from a prostrate base, 20–50 cm tall. Leaf sheaths usually densely tuberculate-hairy, less often glabrous; leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1–15 × 0.3–3 cm, glabrous or variously hairy, base subrounded and usually suboblique, apex acute; ligule ca. 1 mm. Inflorescence axis 9–15 cm, glabrous or hispidulous; racemes 4–9, reduced to dense cuneate fascicles less than 2 cm long, the rachis often setose. Spikelets in 3–5 clustered pairs, lanceolate, hispidulous; glumes herbaceous, awned, the awns stout, purple, viscid; lower glume 3–5-veined, awn 5–10(–15) mm; upper glume 5-veined, awn 2–5 mm; lower lemma herbaceous, 5–9-veined, apex with a stout 1–2 mm mucro, palea absent; upper lemma subcoriaceous, smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov. 2n = 54.
Light shade in forests, moist places. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [warm-temperate and subtropical regions of the N hemisphere, uplands of India and Africa].
Oplismenus undulatifolius is sometimes considered synonymous with O. hirtellus (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois. Although the two taxa intergrade, O. hirtellus (O. aemulus (R. Brown) Roemer & Schultes) generally has longer racemes (to 3 cm) of contiguous spikelets, at least in the lower part of the inflorescence. It has a more tropical distribution than O. undulatifolius and has recently been reported from Taiwan and Yunnan.
别名：皱叶茅;球米草;缩箬;皱叶草;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：求米草属 Oplismenus
1．求米草（台湾植物名录）缩箬（植物学大辞典）
Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 54, 168. 171. 1812 nom. nud. ; Roem. et Schuit. Syst. Veg. 2: 482. 1817; Rendle in Journ, Linn. Soc Bot. 86: 338. 1904; Merr. in Philip. Journ, Sci. 18: 130. 1918; Honda in Journ. Fac. Univ. Tokyo Sect. lll Bot. 3: 1930; Keng in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. China Bot. Ser. 10: 197. 1936; Ohwi in Acta Phytotag. et Geobot. 11: 34. 1942; 中国主要植物图说 禾本科617. 图615. 1959;华东禾本科植物志187. 1962;台湾的禾草545. 图167. 1975: 台湾植物志5:565. 1978; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 163. 图7156. 1976.——Panicum undulatifolius Arduino, Animad. Spec, Alt. 14. Pl. 4. 1764. ——Orthopogon undulatifolius Spreng, Syat. Vat. 1: 306. 1825.
形态特征：一年生草本。秆基部平卧或膝曲，高20—50Cm。叶鞘遍布有疣基的短刺毛或仪边缘具纤毛；叶舌腆质、短小;叶片披针形，长4—10cm，宽5—15mm，先端尖，基部略圆形而歪斜，两面密生柔毛，叶面皱缩不平。圆锥花序长5—10cm；小穗簇生或近顶端者双生，卵圆形，长约3—4mm，第一颖具3脉，长为小穗的1／2，顶端有长7—10mm的芒；第二颖具5脉，芒较短；第一外稃具7—9脉．无芒，顶端有短尖头，第二外稃革质，边缘卷包内稃(图22)。
地理分布：分布于我国南北各地。在旧大陆的热带及温带广泛分布。
生态特征：求米草属匍匐低矮小草本，喜生于阴湿的林子、路边，也分布在低山丘陵地。每年早春种子萌发生长，当气温上升10—12℃，植株生长旺盛时，发达的匍匐茎节—上即生出许多不定根和腋芽，随后发育成地上枝。待地上枝长到一定高度时，它又靠近地面匍匐生长，再形成为数众多的地上枝，如此不断繁衍，在不长的时间内，求米草即可覆盖地面，形成簇生分布的单优势种群落。在江西庐山地区，求米草每年7月底开花，8月结实，由于它不断分生出新的地上枝，地上枝的花果期也相应地往后推迟，这样整株的花果期甚至可以延长到7一11月。求米草对水肥反应敏感，在土壤肥沃、水分充足处生长繁茂，分生出的新株也多，且茎节长，叶宽而柔嫩，产量高。求米草对光的反应也敏感，但对土壤要求却不严，可生长不同类土壤上。
饲用价值：求米草草质柔软，适口性好，营养丰富。整个植株 在生育朋内，均可饲用，又可调制干草，是较为理想的放牧草。牛、羊都喜食，此外，求米草是保土植物。它的化学成分见表22。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Roemer & Schultes
求米草 qiu mi cao
Perennial. Culms slender, straggling, ascending from a prostrate base, 20–50 cm tall. Leaf sheaths usually densely tuberculate-hairy, less often glabrous; leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1–15 × 0.3–3 cm, glabrous or variously hairy, base subrounded and usually suboblique, apex acute; ligule ca. 1 mm. Inflorescence axis 9–15 cm, glabrous or hispidulous; racemes 4–9, reduced to dense cuneate fascicles less than 2 cm long, the rachis often setose. Spikelets in 3–5 clustered pairs, lanceolate, hispidulous; glumes herbaceous, awned, the awns stout, purple, viscid; lower glume 3–5-veined, awn 5–10(–15) mm; upper glume 5-veined, awn 2–5 mm; lower lemma herbaceous, 5–9-veined, apex with a stout 1–2 mm mucro, palea absent; upper lemma subcoriaceous, smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov. 2n = 54.
Light shade in forests, moist places. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [warm-temperate and subtropical regions of the N hemisphere, uplands of India and Africa].
Oplismenus undulatifolius is sometimes considered synonymous with O. hirtellus (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois. Although the two taxa intergrade, O. hirtellus (O. aemulus (R. Brown) Roemer & Schultes) generally has longer racemes (to 3 cm) of contiguous spikelets, at least in the lower part of the inflorescence. It has a more tropical distribution than O. undulatifolius and has recently been reported from Taiwan and Yunnan.