田间鸭嘴草Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.
田间鸭嘴草Ischaemum rugosum Salisb.
3. 田间鸭嘴草（禾本科图说）图版37：12
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. Icon. Stirp. Rar. 1. t. 1. 1791; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 127. 1896; Bor, Fl. Assam 5: 423. 1940; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 184. 1960; A. Cope in Nasir et Ali, Fl. Pakist. (No. 143. Poaceae) 321. f. 35. 3-5. 1982. ——Iscliaemum segetum Trin. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. ser. 6. 2 (3): 294. 1832. ——Ischaemum rugosum var. segetum (Trin.) Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6 : 208. 1899;中国主要植物图说·禾本科791. 图738. 1959; 台湾的禾草717.图254. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 190. 1976, in annot.; 台湾植物志5: 670. 1978.
一年生草本。秆直立丛生，基部斜升，高60-70厘米，直径约2毫米，质较软，无毛；节上密被髯毛。叶鞘无毛，鞘口具纤毛；叶舌膜质；叶片卵状披针形，长10-15厘米，宽约1厘米，中脉显著，先端渐尖，基部圆形，两面疏生疣基毛。总状花序孪生于秆顶，互相紧贴，干后常分离，长8-10厘米，成熟时麦秆黄色，极易逐节脱落；总状花序轴节间膨胀呈圆锥形，长约3毫米，两端稍收缩，外侧边缘具毛，其余无毛；无柄小穗卵形，第一颖长4.5-5.5毫米，顶端钝，上部1/3具脉纹，下部革质，背面光滑无毛，具4-5条横向连贯的深皱纹；基盘具纤毛；第二颖等长于第一颖，舟形，上部具脊；第一小花雄性，卵形，两稃纸质，顶端渐尖，被微毛或粗糙；雄蕊3；第二小花外稃膜质，长约3毫米，顶端2深裂至中部，齿间伸出长芒，芒柱长约6毫米，芒针长近10毫米，膝曲以上仍有扭转。有柄小穗变异甚大，但常退化，小穗柄长约2.5毫米，外侧边缘具有纤毛，存留之颖长约1.2毫米。花果期夏秋季。
产于湖南、台湾、广东、广西、云南等省区；多生于田边路旁湿润处。印度、中南半岛及东南亚各国也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury
田间鸭嘴草 tian jian ya zui cao
Andropogon rugosus (Salisbury) Steudel; A. segetum (Trinius) Steudel; Ischaemum akoense Honda; I. rugosum var. segetum (Trinius) Hackel; I. segetum Trinius.
Annual. Culms loosely tufted, erect to decumbent, 20–100 cm tall, often branching, nodes pubescent. Leaf sheaths loose, papery, lightly keeled, glabrous or pilose with scattered tubercle-based hairs, margins ciliate; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 10–30 × 0.5–2 cm, glabrous or thinly pilose, margins scabrid, base variable, rounded and constricted, or attenuate and sometimes briefly pseudopetiolate, apex acuminate; ligule 2–5 mm. Racemes terminal and axillary, paired, appressed back to back or slightly separated, 3–11(–13) cm; rachis internodes inflated, thickly clavate, ciliate along midline, inner angles glabrous. Sessile spikelet oblong-ovate, 4–6 × ca. 2 mm; lower glume 2-keeled throughout, crustaceous, yellowish and transversely 4–7-ridged below, ridges sharp, mostly continuous, herbaceous above with many anastomosing green veins, keels scabrid, wingless or winged on one side, apex obliquely obtuse; awn of upper lemma 1.2–2 cm. Pedicelled spikelet dorsally compressed, variable in size, often much reduced especially toward raceme apex, awnless; pedicel elongate when spikelet rudimentary.
Marshy fields, ditch banks, river banks, other wet often slightly saline grassy places; 100–1800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; Australia (Queensland); introduced in Africa and America].
This native of tropical Asia is now widespread as a weed in tropical parts of the world, especially as a weed of rice fields.
别名：ribbed murainagrass;田间鸭咀草;田间毛鸭嘴;节节麦;长芒麦;皱颖鸭嘴草;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：鸭嘴草属 Ischaemum
3. 田间鸭嘴草（禾本科图说）图版37：12
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. Icon. Stirp. Rar. 1. t. 1. 1791; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 127. 1896; Bor, Fl. Assam 5: 423. 1940; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 184. 1960; A. Cope in Nasir et Ali, Fl. Pakist. (No. 143. Poaceae) 321. f. 35. 3-5. 1982. ——Iscliaemum segetum Trin. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. ser. 6. 2 (3): 294. 1832. ——Ischaemum rugosum var. segetum (Trin.) Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6 : 208. 1899;中国主要植物图说·禾本科791. 图738. 1959; 台湾的禾草717.图254. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 190. 1976, in annot.; 台湾植物志5: 670. 1978.
一年生草本。秆直立丛生，基部斜升，高60-70厘米，直径约2毫米，质较软，无毛；节上密被髯毛。叶鞘无毛，鞘口具纤毛；叶舌膜质；叶片卵状披针形，长10-15厘米，宽约1厘米，中脉显著，先端渐尖，基部圆形，两面疏生疣基毛。总状花序孪生于秆顶，互相紧贴，干后常分离，长8-10厘米，成熟时麦秆黄色，极易逐节脱落；总状花序轴节间膨胀呈圆锥形，长约3毫米，两端稍收缩，外侧边缘具毛，其余无毛；无柄小穗卵形，第一颖长4.5-5.5毫米，顶端钝，上部1/3具脉纹，下部革质，背面光滑无毛，具4-5条横向连贯的深皱纹；基盘具纤毛；第二颖等长于第一颖，舟形，上部具脊；第一小花雄性，卵形，两稃纸质，顶端渐尖，被微毛或粗糙；雄蕊3；第二小花外稃膜质，长约3毫米，顶端2深裂至中部，齿间伸出长芒，芒柱长约6毫米，芒针长近10毫米，膝曲以上仍有扭转。有柄小穗变异甚大，但常退化，小穗柄长约2.5毫米，外侧边缘具有纤毛，存留之颖长约1.2毫米。花果期夏秋季。
产于湖南、台湾、广东、广西、云南等省区；多生于田边路旁湿润处。印度、中南半岛及东南亚各国也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury
田间鸭嘴草 tian jian ya zui cao
Andropogon rugosus (Salisbury) Steudel; A. segetum (Trinius) Steudel; Ischaemum akoense Honda; I. rugosum var. segetum (Trinius) Hackel; I. segetum Trinius.
Annual. Culms loosely tufted, erect to decumbent, 20–100 cm tall, often branching, nodes pubescent. Leaf sheaths loose, papery, lightly keeled, glabrous or pilose with scattered tubercle-based hairs, margins ciliate; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 10–30 × 0.5–2 cm, glabrous or thinly pilose, margins scabrid, base variable, rounded and constricted, or attenuate and sometimes briefly pseudopetiolate, apex acuminate; ligule 2–5 mm. Racemes terminal and axillary, paired, appressed back to back or slightly separated, 3–11(–13) cm; rachis internodes inflated, thickly clavate, ciliate along midline, inner angles glabrous. Sessile spikelet oblong-ovate, 4–6 × ca. 2 mm; lower glume 2-keeled throughout, crustaceous, yellowish and transversely 4–7-ridged below, ridges sharp, mostly continuous, herbaceous above with many anastomosing green veins, keels scabrid, wingless or winged on one side, apex obliquely obtuse; awn of upper lemma 1.2–2 cm. Pedicelled spikelet dorsally compressed, variable in size, often much reduced especially toward raceme apex, awnless; pedicel elongate when spikelet rudimentary.
Marshy fields, ditch banks, river banks, other wet often slightly saline grassy places; 100–1800 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand; Australia (Queensland); introduced in Africa and America].
This native of tropical Asia is now widespread as a weed in tropical parts of the world, especially as a weed of rice fields.