细毛鸭嘴草Ischaemum indicum (Houtl.) Merr.
细毛鸭嘴草Ischaemum indicum (Houtl.) Merr.
5. 细毛鸭嘴草（江苏植物名录）纤毛鸭嘴草 图版38:1-5
Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 19: 320. 1938; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 180. 1960; Backer in Fl. Java 3: 592. 1968; H. B. Gill. et al. Fl. Malaya 3: 263. f. 32. col. pl. 20. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 190. 图7209. 1976; 海南植物志4: 461. 图1248. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 668. 图1472. 1978.——Phleum indicum Houtt. in Nat. Hist. II (13): 198. t. 90. f. 2. 1782.——schaemum ciliare Retz. Obs. Bot. 6: 36. 1791; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 365. 1904; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科792. 图739. 1959——Spodiopogon villosus Nees in Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 242. 1838. ——Ischaemum ciliare var. genuinum subvar. 4. villosum (Nees) Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 227. 1889. ——Ischaemum indicum var. breviaristatum Zhao in Aeta Bot. Yunn. 5 (4): 345. 1983, syn. nov.——Ischaemum indicum var. guandongense Zhao l. c. 5 (4): 345. 1983, syn. nov.
多年生草本。秆直立或基部平卧至斜升，直立部分高40-50厘米，直径1-2毫米，节上密被白色髯毛。叶鞘疏生疣毛；叶舌膜质，长约1毫米，上缘撕裂状；叶片线形，长可达12厘米，宽可达1厘米，两面被疏毛。总状花序2（偶见3-4）枚孪生于秆顶，开花时常互相分离，长5-7厘米或更短；总状花序轴节间和小穗柄的棱上均有长纤毛。无柄小穗倒卵状矩圆形，第一颖革质，长4-5毫米，先端具2齿，两侧上部有阔翅，边缘有短纤毛，背面上部具5-7脉，下部光滑无毛；第二颖较薄，舟形，等长于第一颖，下部光滑，上部具脊和窄翅，先端渐尖，边缘有纤毛；第一小花雄性，外稃纸质，脉不明显，先端渐尖；第二小花两性，外稃较短，先端2深裂至中部，裂齿间着生芒；芒在中部膝曲；子房无毛，柱头紫色，长约2毫米。有柄小穗具膝曲芒。花果期夏秋季。
产于浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、云南等省区；多生于山坡草丛中和路旁及旷野草地。印度、中南半岛和东南亚各国都有分布。
本种幼嫩时可作饲料。
本种分布广泛，形态性状变异幅度甚大，地方性种群甚多，种下分类需待拥有足够的标本材料（特别是国外的）之后再进行为宜。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Ischaemum ciliare Retzius
细毛鸭嘴草 xi mao ya zui cao
Andropogon patentivillosus Steudel; Ischaemum ciliare var. villosum (Nees) Hackel; I. indicum (Houttuyn) Merrill var. breviaristatum Zhao; I. indicum var. guangdongense Zhao; Spodiopogon obliquivalvis Nees var. villosus Bentham; S. vil-losus Nees.
Perennial. Culms slender, loosely tufted, erect, spreading or prostrate and rooting at lower nodes, up to 60 cm tall, nodes bearded. Leaf sheaths sparsely to densely pilose with tubercle-based hairs, or glabrous; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 5–15 × 0.3–1 cm, tuberculate-villous or sometimes glabrous, base contracted, apex acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm. Racemes terminal, paired, often slightly separated, 2–9 cm; rachis internodes and pedicels oblong, triquetrous, ciliate along angles. Sessile spikelet obovate-oblong, 4–6 × 1.2–1.5 mm; lower glume smooth, glossy, leathery with rounded flanks in lower half, upper half flat, papyraceous, sometimes wrinkled, asperulous, flanks keeled, winged, wings 0.2–0.7 mm wide, forming 2 rounded lobes at apex; upper glume swollen and keeled above middle, keel narrowly winged, apex shortly awned; awn of upper lemma 1–1.5 cm. Pedicelled spikelet laterally compressed; lower glume with a single median winged keel; upper lemma awned.
Moist meadows, field margins, hill thickets; near sea level to 1300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; introduced in America].
This grass has been widely known as Ischaemum indicum (Houttuyn) Merrill (Phleum indicum Houttuyn), but that name in fact refers to a species of Polytrias. Ischaemum ciliare is a very variable species, widespread in tropical Asia, and a number of varieties has been described over its range.
别名：纤毛鸭嘴草;人字草;细毛鸭咀草;纤毛鸭咀草;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：鸭嘴草属 Ischaemum
5. 细毛鸭嘴草（江苏植物名录）纤毛鸭嘴草 图版38:1-5
Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 19: 320. 1938; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 180. 1960; Backer in Fl. Java 3: 592. 1968; H. B. Gill. et al. Fl. Malaya 3: 263. f. 32. col. pl. 20. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 190. 图7209. 1976; 海南植物志4: 461. 图1248. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 668. 图1472. 1978.——Phleum indicum Houtt. in Nat. Hist. II (13): 198. t. 90. f. 2. 1782.——schaemum ciliare Retz. Obs. Bot. 6: 36. 1791; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 365. 1904; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科792. 图739. 1959——Spodiopogon villosus Nees in Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 242. 1838. ——Ischaemum ciliare var. genuinum subvar. 4. villosum (Nees) Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 227. 1889. ——Ischaemum indicum var. breviaristatum Zhao in Aeta Bot. Yunn. 5 (4): 345. 1983, syn. nov.——Ischaemum indicum var. guandongense Zhao l. c. 5 (4): 345. 1983, syn. nov.
多年生草本。秆直立或基部平卧至斜升，直立部分高40-50厘米，直径1-2毫米，节上密被白色髯毛。叶鞘疏生疣毛；叶舌膜质，长约1毫米，上缘撕裂状；叶片线形，长可达12厘米，宽可达1厘米，两面被疏毛。总状花序2（偶见3-4）枚孪生于秆顶，开花时常互相分离，长5-7厘米或更短；总状花序轴节间和小穗柄的棱上均有长纤毛。无柄小穗倒卵状矩圆形，第一颖革质，长4-5毫米，先端具2齿，两侧上部有阔翅，边缘有短纤毛，背面上部具5-7脉，下部光滑无毛；第二颖较薄，舟形，等长于第一颖，下部光滑，上部具脊和窄翅，先端渐尖，边缘有纤毛；第一小花雄性，外稃纸质，脉不明显，先端渐尖；第二小花两性，外稃较短，先端2深裂至中部，裂齿间着生芒；芒在中部膝曲；子房无毛，柱头紫色，长约2毫米。有柄小穗具膝曲芒。花果期夏秋季。
产于浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、云南等省区；多生于山坡草丛中和路旁及旷野草地。印度、中南半岛和东南亚各国都有分布。
本种幼嫩时可作饲料。
本种分布广泛，形态性状变异幅度甚大，地方性种群甚多，种下分类需待拥有足够的标本材料（特别是国外的）之后再进行为宜。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Ischaemum ciliare Retzius
细毛鸭嘴草 xi mao ya zui cao
Andropogon patentivillosus Steudel; Ischaemum ciliare var. villosum (Nees) Hackel; I. indicum (Houttuyn) Merrill var. breviaristatum Zhao; I. indicum var. guangdongense Zhao; Spodiopogon obliquivalvis Nees var. villosus Bentham; S. vil-losus Nees.
Perennial. Culms slender, loosely tufted, erect, spreading or prostrate and rooting at lower nodes, up to 60 cm tall, nodes bearded. Leaf sheaths sparsely to densely pilose with tubercle-based hairs, or glabrous; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 5–15 × 0.3–1 cm, tuberculate-villous or sometimes glabrous, base contracted, apex acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm. Racemes terminal, paired, often slightly separated, 2–9 cm; rachis internodes and pedicels oblong, triquetrous, ciliate along angles. Sessile spikelet obovate-oblong, 4–6 × 1.2–1.5 mm; lower glume smooth, glossy, leathery with rounded flanks in lower half, upper half flat, papyraceous, sometimes wrinkled, asperulous, flanks keeled, winged, wings 0.2–0.7 mm wide, forming 2 rounded lobes at apex; upper glume swollen and keeled above middle, keel narrowly winged, apex shortly awned; awn of upper lemma 1–1.5 cm. Pedicelled spikelet laterally compressed; lower glume with a single median winged keel; upper lemma awned.
Moist meadows, field margins, hill thickets; near sea level to 1300 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; introduced in America].
This grass has been widely known as Ischaemum indicum (Houttuyn) Merrill (Phleum indicum Houttuyn), but that name in fact refers to a species of Polytrias. Ischaemum ciliare is a very variable species, widespread in tropical Asia, and a number of varieties has been described over its range.