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水银竹Indocalamus sinicus (Hance) nakai

水银竹Indocalamus sinicus (Hance) nakai

别名:华箬竹;

科名:禾本科 Gramineae

属名:箬竹属 Indocalamus

《中国植物志》第9(1)卷692页
  12.水银竹(竹类培育)华箬竹(香港竹谱)图版212:1-7
  Indocalamus sinicus (Hance) Nakai in Journ. Arn. Arb. 6: 148. 1925; 香港竹谱65页. 1985; 中国竹谱105页. 1988.——Arundinaria sinica Hance in Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 18: 235. 1862; Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc. 36: 436. 1904; E. G. Camus, Bambus. 47. 1913. "smicica"——A. longiramea Munro in Trans. Linn. Soc. 26: 19. 1868.
  竿高1-3.8米,直径0.5-1.1厘米;节间长3.7-11厘米,圆筒形,鲜时绿色,干时稻草色,无毛,光亮,竿壁厚3-4毫米;竿节平;竿环和箨环同高。箨鞘短于或长于节间,革质兼纸质,棕色带紫,有条纹和疏被伏贴白色和无色的疣基刺毛,边缘密生亮灰色纤毛;无箨耳,但有数条鞘口繸毛;箨舌截形,棕红色,高1-1.4毫米,边缘有流苏状繸毛,后者长0.7-0.9毫米,中部竿箨的箨片呈狭三角状锥形,上部箨的则为卵状披针形,直立或外翻,先端长尖。小枝具7-14叶;叶鞘棕黄色,革质,无毛,有光泽;叶耳无,鞘口繸毛仅数根,黄棕色;叶舌截形,高2-3毫米,红褐色,边缘有棕色长1-1.6厘米的繸毛;叶片革质,宽披针形,长14-60厘米,宽2.2-6.8厘米,先端长尖,基部楔形,通常两面均无毛,次脉8-9对,小横脉稀疏,形成极狭长的长方形且很稀疏。圆锥花序的花序轴较长,全长23.5-30厘米或更长,分枝甚开展,其腋间均有瘤枕;小穗柄长2-6厘米;小穗绿色带紫,含3或4朵小花;小穗轴节间无毛;颖2,第一颖长圆状披针形,微尖,长4.5-5毫米,纸质,具3脉;第二颖长5-6.5毫米,先端渐尖,具5脉;外稃纸质,渐尖,长9-10毫米,背部粗糙,具7脉;内稃略等长于外稃,背部具2脊,脊上和顶端均有纤毛。鳞被3,不相等,其中2片较大。雄蕊未见;花柱短,柱头2。果实未见。花期5月。
  产香港、广东(阳江)、海南(保亭县吊罗山)等地。生于河边、山坡、山谷、岭顶密林中。模式标本采自香港。
形态特征:竿高1—3.8米,直径0.5-1.1厘米;节间长3.7—11厘米,圆筒形,鲜时绿色,干时稻草色,无毛,光亮,竿壁厚3—4毫米;竿节平;竿环和箨环同高。箨鞘短于或长于节间,革质兼纸质,棕色带紫,有条纹和疏被伏贴白色和无色的疣基刺毛,边缘密生亮灰色纤毛;无箨耳,但有数条鞘口缝毛;箨舌截形,棕红色,高1—1.4毫米,边缘有流苏状缒毛,后者长0.7-0.9毫米,中部竿箨的箨片呈狭三角状锥形,上部箨的则为卵状披针形,直立或外翻,先端长尖。小枝具7—14叶;叶鞘棕黄色,革质,无毛,有光泽;叶耳无,鞘口继毛仅数根,黄棕色;叶舌截形,高2—3毫米,红褐色,边缘有棕色长1-1.6厘米的继毛;叶片革质,宽披针形,长14—60厘米,宽2.2—6.8厘米,先端长尖,墓部楔形,通常两面均无毛,次脉8—9对,小横脉稀疏,形成极狭长的长方形且很稀疏。圆锥花序的花序轴较长,全长23.5-30厘米或更长,分枝甚开展,其腋间均有瘤枕;小穗柄长2—6厘米;小穗绿色带紫,含3或4朵小花;小穗轴节间无毛;颖2,第一颖长圆状披针形,微尖,长4.5—5毫米,纸质,具3脉;第二颖长5—6.5毫米,先端渐尖,具5脉;外稃纸质,渐尖,长9-10毫米,背部粗糙,具7脉;内稃略等长于外稃,背部具2脊,脊上和顶端均有纤毛。鳞被3,不相等,其中2片较大。雄蕊未见;花柱短,柱头2。果实未见。花期5月。
产地分布:产香港、广东(阳江)、海南(保亭县吊罗山)等地。生于河边、山坡、山谷、岭顶密林中。模式标本采自香港。
参考文献:Indocalamussinicus(Hance)NakaiinJourn.Arn.Arb.6:148.1925;香港竹谱65页.1985;中国竹潜105页.1988.—ArundinariasinicaHanceinAnn.Sci.Nat.IV.18:235.1862;RendleinJourn.Linn.Soc.36:436.1904;E.G.Camus,Bambus.47.1913.“sinicica”——A.LongirameaMunroinTrans.Linn.Soc.26:19.1868.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Indocalamus sinicus  (Hance) Nakai
水银竹   shui yin zhu
Arundinaria sinica Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sΘr. 4, 18: 235. 1862; A. longiramea Munro.
Culms 1–3.8 m, 0.5–1 cm in diam.; internodes green, straw-colored when dry, glossy, glabrous; wall 3–4 mm thick; nodes flat. Culm sheaths purple-brown, leathery-papery, striate, sparsely white or colorless hairy, margins densely bright gray ciliate; auricles absent; oral setae several, to 1 cm; ligule red-brown, truncate, 1–1.4 mm, ciliate or not; blade erect to reflexed, narrowly triangular-subulate on mid-culm sheaths, ovate-lanceolate on upper ones, apex long acuminate. Leaves 7–14 per ultimate branch; sheath yellow-brown, leathery, glossy, glabrous; auricles absent; oral setae yellow-brown, to 1.6 cm; ligule red-brown, truncate, short, ciliolate or not; blade broadly lanceolate, 14–60 × 2.2–6.8 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces usually glabrous, secondary veins 8 or 9 pairs, transverse veins sparse, tessellations narrowly rectangular, base cuneate, apex long acuminate. Panicles ample, 23.5–30 cm or more; branches spreading, pulvinate. Spikelets purple-green, pedicel 2–6 cm; florets 3 or 4. Rachilla internodes glabrous. Glumes 2, papery; lower glume oblong-lanceolate, 4.5–5 mm, 3-veined, apex slightly acute, upper glume 5–6.5 mm, 5-veined, apex acuminate; lemma 9–10 mm, papery, adaxially scabrid, 7-veined, apex acuminate; palea nearly as long as lemma, keels and apex ciliate; lodicules unequal in size, anterior pair larger. Stamens unknown. Style short; stigmas 2. New shoots Apr, fl. May.
* Open forests, thickets on hills and in valleys; 600–700 m. Guangdong, Hainan.

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