栏目

黄茅Heteropogon contortus (Linn.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. et Schult.

黄茅Heteropogon contortus (Linn.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. et Schult.

别名:tanglehead;黄菅茅;一扭黄茅;老虎须;扭黄草;毛针子;地筋;风气药;黄狗毛;风气草;黄茅锥;小茅锥草;毛锥子;毛针子草;扭黄茅;

科名:禾本科 Gramineae

属名:黄茅属 Heteropogon

《中国植物志》第10(2)卷240页
  2. 黄茅(植物名实图考)地筋 图版60: 1-12
  Heteropogon contortus (Linn.) Beauv. ex Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 836. 1817;广州植物志852. 1956;中国主要植物图说·禾本科843. 图791. 1959;华东禾本科植物志281. 图188. 1962; 台湾的禾草699. 图700. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 206. 图7942. 1976; 秦岭植物志1 (1): 194. 图155. 1976; 海南植物志4: 483. 图1268. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 659. 图1468. 1978; 西藏植物志5: 338. 1987. ——Andropogon contortus Linn. Sp. Pl. 1045. 1753; Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan 6: 585. 1889; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 27. 1927.
  多年生,丛生草本。秆高20-100厘米,基部常膝曲,上部直立,光滑无毛。叶鞘压扁而具脊,光滑无毛,鞘口常具柔毛;叶舌短,膜质,顶端具纤毛;叶片线形,扁平或对折,长10-20厘米,宽3-6毫米,顶端渐尖或急尖,基部稍收窄,两面粗糙或表面基部疏生柔毛。总状花序单生于主枝或分枝顶,长3-7厘米(芒除外),诸芒常于花序顶扭卷成1束;花序基部3-10(-12)小穗对,为同性,无芒,宿存。上部7-12对为异性对;无柄小穗线形(成熟时圆柱形),两性,长6-8毫米,基盘尖锐,具棕褐色髯毛;第一颖狭长圆形,革质顶端钝,背部圆形,被短硬毛或无毛,边缘包卷同质的第二颖;第二颖较窄,顶端钝,具2脉,脉间被短硬毛或无毛,边缘膜质;第一小花外稃长圆形,远短于颖;第二小花外稃极窄,向上延伸成2回膝曲的芒,芒长6-10厘米,芒柱扭转被毛;内稃常缺;雄蕊3;子房线形,花柱2。有柄小穗长圆状披针形,雄性或中性,无芒,常偏斜扭转覆盖无柄小穗,绿色或带紫色;第一颖长圆状披针形,草质,背部被疣基毛或无毛。花果期4-12月。染色体2n=40。
  产于河南、陕西、甘肃、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏等省区;生于海拔400-2300米的山坡草地,尤以干热草坡特甚。
  世界温暖地区皆有。嫩时牲畜喜食,但至花果期小穗的芒及基盘为害牲畜;秆供造纸、编织,根、秆、花可为清凉剂。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Heteropogon contortus  (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes
黄茅   huang mao
Andropogon contortus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1045. 1753; Heteropogon fertilis B. S. Sun & S. Wang.
Perennial. Culms slender, tufted, usually geniculate at base, 20–100 cm tall. Leaf sheaths keeled; leaf blades flat or folded, 10–20 × 0.3–0.6 cm, scabrid or adaxial surface pilose at base, apex obtuse or shortly acute to apiculate; ligule ciliate along margin. Inflorescence terminal or racemes gathered into a scanty panicle; spatheoles linear, tightly rolled around peduncle; peduncles mostly long-exserted. Racemes 3–7 cm (excluding awns), narrowly cylindrical, 7–12-awned, (1–)3–10(–12) pairs of flat green homogamous spikelets below the awned fertile pairs. Sessile spikelet 5–7 mm, dark brown; callus 2–3 mm, fiercely pungent, brown bearded; lower glume linear becoming cylindrical at maturity, sometimes hispidulous between veins; awn 6–10 cm, dark brown, column white-hirtellous, tips of successive awns often twisting together. Pedicelled spikelet 6–11 mm, lower glume oblong-lanceolate, greenish, laterally asymmetrically winged, glabrous or sparsely to densely pilose or tuberculate-hispid or white setose. Fl. and fr. Apr–Dec. 2n = 20, 40, 44, 50, 60, 80.
Dry hillsides, roadsides, grassy places, in the open or light shade; 400–4500 m. Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [tropics and subtropics of the world, extending to Mediterranean and other warm-temperate areas].
The narrowly cylindrical racemes of overlapping, green spikelets with stout, brown, intertwining awns emerging from the upper part are very characteristic of this species. It is a very widespread and extremely polymorphic species, varying in habit, hairiness of the spikelets, and also physiologically in response to differing rainfall regimes. It is apomictic and includes a range of chromosome numbers. The name Heteropogon fertilis has been applied to an atypical, stunted specimen lacking homogamous spikelet pairs at the base of the raceme. It was described from Yunnan, but similar forms with only a single homogamous spikelet pair are known from Hong Kong and elsewhere.

This species provides good forage when young, but the needle-sharp spikelet calluses can cause damage to livestock when mature. The leaves and stems are utilized in papermaking.

【拼音名】 Huánɡ Máo
【别名】 地筋、毛针子草、风气草、毛锥子
【来源】 禾本科黄茅Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv.,以全草入药。
【生境分布】 陕西、浙江、华南、西南。
【性味】 甘,温。
【功能主治】 祛风除湿,散寒,止咳。
风寒咳嗽:根1两,水煎服。
风湿关节疼痛:配方用,泡酒服。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》

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