吉曼草Germainia capitata Bal. et Poitr.
吉曼草Germainia capitata Bal. et Poitr.
1. 吉曼草（广东植物名录油印本）图版27
Germainia capitata Bal. et Poitr. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse. 7: 345. 1873; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科788-789, 图736. 1959.
多年生直立草本植物。秆高50-60厘米。叶鞘无毛或疏生柔毛；叶舌干膜质，长约1毫米；叶片线形，长5-16厘米，宽3-5毫米，两面均疏生柔毛，在基部的毛较密。总状花序圆筒形，长约15毫米（芒除外），宽3-5毫米，淡绿色；无柄雄小穗与花序等长，在其腹面基部常残留有雌小穗的柄或极退化的雌小穗，通常4个轮生于花序的外围；第一颖硬革质，平滑，具7-9脉，背圆，顶端常下凹；第二颖膜质，具3脉，红褐色，两小花各含2雄蕊，花药长6-8毫米，其内、外稃皆薄膜质，红褐色。有柄雌小穗3枚，具长约5毫米的柄，柄具细毛；小穗长约1厘米（包括基盘），黑褐色，基盘尖锐而具黑褐色的硬毛；第一颖革质，背圆形，具细毛；第二颖质地较软，长约7毫米；第一外稃膜质，略呈长方形，长约5毫米；第一内稃不存在；第二外稃膜质，仅为芒的基部；芒两回膝曲，第一芒柱长2.5-3厘米，第二芒柱长约1厘米，均具白色短硬毛，芒针长约2.5厘米而无毛。花果期秋季。
产于广东（广州）。印度也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Germainia capitata Balansa & Poitrasson
吉曼草 ji man cao
Perennial; basal sheaths persistent, glabrous to tomentose. Culms tufted, erect, 50–60 cm tall, unbranched. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pilose; leaf blades erect, stiff, 5–35 × 0.3–0.9 cm, pubescent to glabrous, margins scabrid, acuminate; ligule scarious, ca. 1 mm. Raceme 1(–2) on a long stiff peduncle, 2–3 cm, greenish, narrowly capitulate. Sessile spikelets 4, involucrelike, 1.3–2.2 cm, 2 florets present; lower glume oblong, leathery, smooth, glabrous or sparsely pilose, apex retuse to obliquely 2-toothed; upper glume puberulous, apex rounded to truncate; lemmas and paleas reddish brown, subhyaline; stamens 2 in each floret; anthers 6–8 mm. Pedicelled spikelets 3, dark brown; pedicel 5–7 mm; callus stiffly bearded, hairs brown; lower glume narrowly lanceolate-oblong, leathery, puberulous; awn 2-geniculate, stout, 6–9.5 cm, column hispidulous, limb shorter than column, puberulous. Fl. and fr. autumn.
Dry hillsides; 800–1000 m. Guangdong, Yunnan (Lingchuan) [Indonesia, New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
The elongate involucres of hard sessile spikelets, tipping the culms after the long-awned pedicellate spikelets have fallen, are an unmistakable feature of this grass.
别名：筒穗草;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：吉曼草属 Germainia
1. 吉曼草（广东植物名录油印本）图版27
Germainia capitata Bal. et Poitr. in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse. 7: 345. 1873; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科788-789, 图736. 1959.
多年生直立草本植物。秆高50-60厘米。叶鞘无毛或疏生柔毛；叶舌干膜质，长约1毫米；叶片线形，长5-16厘米，宽3-5毫米，两面均疏生柔毛，在基部的毛较密。总状花序圆筒形，长约15毫米（芒除外），宽3-5毫米，淡绿色；无柄雄小穗与花序等长，在其腹面基部常残留有雌小穗的柄或极退化的雌小穗，通常4个轮生于花序的外围；第一颖硬革质，平滑，具7-9脉，背圆，顶端常下凹；第二颖膜质，具3脉，红褐色，两小花各含2雄蕊，花药长6-8毫米，其内、外稃皆薄膜质，红褐色。有柄雌小穗3枚，具长约5毫米的柄，柄具细毛；小穗长约1厘米（包括基盘），黑褐色，基盘尖锐而具黑褐色的硬毛；第一颖革质，背圆形，具细毛；第二颖质地较软，长约7毫米；第一外稃膜质，略呈长方形，长约5毫米；第一内稃不存在；第二外稃膜质，仅为芒的基部；芒两回膝曲，第一芒柱长2.5-3厘米，第二芒柱长约1厘米，均具白色短硬毛，芒针长约2.5厘米而无毛。花果期秋季。
产于广东（广州）。印度也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Germainia capitata Balansa & Poitrasson
吉曼草 ji man cao
Perennial; basal sheaths persistent, glabrous to tomentose. Culms tufted, erect, 50–60 cm tall, unbranched. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pilose; leaf blades erect, stiff, 5–35 × 0.3–0.9 cm, pubescent to glabrous, margins scabrid, acuminate; ligule scarious, ca. 1 mm. Raceme 1(–2) on a long stiff peduncle, 2–3 cm, greenish, narrowly capitulate. Sessile spikelets 4, involucrelike, 1.3–2.2 cm, 2 florets present; lower glume oblong, leathery, smooth, glabrous or sparsely pilose, apex retuse to obliquely 2-toothed; upper glume puberulous, apex rounded to truncate; lemmas and paleas reddish brown, subhyaline; stamens 2 in each floret; anthers 6–8 mm. Pedicelled spikelets 3, dark brown; pedicel 5–7 mm; callus stiffly bearded, hairs brown; lower glume narrowly lanceolate-oblong, leathery, puberulous; awn 2-geniculate, stout, 6–9.5 cm, column hispidulous, limb shorter than column, puberulous. Fl. and fr. autumn.
Dry hillsides; 800–1000 m. Guangdong, Yunnan (Lingchuan) [Indonesia, New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
The elongate involucres of hard sessile spikelets, tipping the culms after the long-awned pedicellate spikelets have fallen, are an unmistakable feature of this grass.