长芒稗Echinochloa caudata Roshev.
长芒稗Echinochloa caudata Roshev.
4. 长芒稗（拟）图版78: 9
Echinochloa caudata Roshev. in Kom. Fl. URSS 2: 91. 1934; cumdiagn. ross. et in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS Ser. 1: 91. 1936. ——Echinochloa crusgalli var. caudata (Roshev. ) kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 73. 1939, et 85. 1979. ——Echinochloa crusgalli subsp. caudata (Reshev. ) Tzvel. in Fed. Poac. URSS 662. 1976.——Echinochloa crusgalli var. cruspa-vonis auct. non(H. B. K. ) Hitchc. : 中国主要植物图说 禾本科673. 1959, 一部分; 华东禾本科植物志191. 1962, 一部分; 秦岭植物志1: 68. 1976, 一部分; 江苏植物志(上册): 220. 1976, 一部分.
秆高1-2米。叶鞘无毛或常有疣基毛（或毛脱落仅留疣基），或仅有粗糙毛或仅边缘有毛；叶舌缺；叶片线形，长10-40厘米，宽1-2厘米，两面无毛，边缘增厚而粗糙。圆锥花序稍下垂，长10-25厘米，宽1.5-4厘米；主轴粗糙，具棱，疏被疣基长毛；分枝密集，常再分小枝；小穗卵状椭圆形，常带紫色，长3-4毫米，脉上具硬刺毛，有时疏生疣基毛；第一颖三角形，长为小穗的1/3-2/5，先端尖，具三脉；第二颖与小穗等长，顶端具长0.1-0.2毫米的芒，具5脉；第一外稃草质，顶端具长1.5-5厘米的芒，具5脉，脉上疏生刺毛，内稃膜质，先端具细毛，边缘具细睫毛；第二外稃革质，光亮，边缘包着同质的内稃；鳞被2，楔形，折叠，具5脉；雄蕊3；花柱基分离。花果期夏秋季。
产黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、河北、山西、新疆、安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、湖南、四川、贵州及云南等省区；多生于田边、路旁及河边湿润处。分布于日本、朝鲜、苏联。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Echinochloa caudata Roshevitz
长芒稗 chang mang bai
Echinochloa crusgalli (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois subsp. caudata (Roshevitz) Tzvelev; E. crusgalli var. caudata (Roshevitz) Kitagawa.
Annual. Culms forming small dense tufts, 1–2 m tall. Leaf sheaths glabrous to tuberculate-hairy; leaf blades broadly linear, 10–40 × 1–2 cm, glabrous, margins thickened and scabrous. Inflorescence slightly nodding, spikelets dense, 10–25 × 1.5–4 cm, axis scabrous and bearing long tubercle-based setae. Spikelets purplish, ovate-elliptic, 2.5–4 mm; lower glume 1/3–2/5 as long as spikelet, acuminate; upper glume equaling spikelet, 5-veined, with a stout 0.1–0.2 mm mucro; lower lemma herbaceous, loosely hispid along veins, awn 3–5 cm; upper lemma coriaceous. Fl. and fr. summer–autumn.
Streams, fields, roadsides. Anhui, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
This is a segregate from Echinochloa crusgalli with a very dense, purple inflorescence and long awns.
别名：长芒野稗;长尾稗;凤稗;红毛稗;搔日特-奥存-好努格;水稗草;稗草;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：稗属 Echinochloa
4. 长芒稗（拟）图版78: 9
Echinochloa caudata Roshev. in Kom. Fl. URSS 2: 91. 1934; cumdiagn. ross. et in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS Ser. 1: 91. 1936. ——Echinochloa crusgalli var. caudata (Roshev. ) kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 73. 1939, et 85. 1979. ——Echinochloa crusgalli subsp. caudata (Reshev. ) Tzvel. in Fed. Poac. URSS 662. 1976.——Echinochloa crusgalli var. cruspa-vonis auct. non(H. B. K. ) Hitchc. : 中国主要植物图说 禾本科673. 1959, 一部分; 华东禾本科植物志191. 1962, 一部分; 秦岭植物志1: 68. 1976, 一部分; 江苏植物志(上册): 220. 1976, 一部分.
秆高1-2米。叶鞘无毛或常有疣基毛（或毛脱落仅留疣基），或仅有粗糙毛或仅边缘有毛；叶舌缺；叶片线形，长10-40厘米，宽1-2厘米，两面无毛，边缘增厚而粗糙。圆锥花序稍下垂，长10-25厘米，宽1.5-4厘米；主轴粗糙，具棱，疏被疣基长毛；分枝密集，常再分小枝；小穗卵状椭圆形，常带紫色，长3-4毫米，脉上具硬刺毛，有时疏生疣基毛；第一颖三角形，长为小穗的1/3-2/5，先端尖，具三脉；第二颖与小穗等长，顶端具长0.1-0.2毫米的芒，具5脉；第一外稃草质，顶端具长1.5-5厘米的芒，具5脉，脉上疏生刺毛，内稃膜质，先端具细毛，边缘具细睫毛；第二外稃革质，光亮，边缘包着同质的内稃；鳞被2，楔形，折叠，具5脉；雄蕊3；花柱基分离。花果期夏秋季。
产黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、河北、山西、新疆、安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、湖南、四川、贵州及云南等省区；多生于田边、路旁及河边湿润处。分布于日本、朝鲜、苏联。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Echinochloa caudata Roshevitz
长芒稗 chang mang bai
Echinochloa crusgalli (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois subsp. caudata (Roshevitz) Tzvelev; E. crusgalli var. caudata (Roshevitz) Kitagawa.
Annual. Culms forming small dense tufts, 1–2 m tall. Leaf sheaths glabrous to tuberculate-hairy; leaf blades broadly linear, 10–40 × 1–2 cm, glabrous, margins thickened and scabrous. Inflorescence slightly nodding, spikelets dense, 10–25 × 1.5–4 cm, axis scabrous and bearing long tubercle-based setae. Spikelets purplish, ovate-elliptic, 2.5–4 mm; lower glume 1/3–2/5 as long as spikelet, acuminate; upper glume equaling spikelet, 5-veined, with a stout 0.1–0.2 mm mucro; lower lemma herbaceous, loosely hispid along veins, awn 3–5 cm; upper lemma coriaceous. Fl. and fr. summer–autumn.
Streams, fields, roadsides. Anhui, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].
This is a segregate from Echinochloa crusgalli with a very dense, purple inflorescence and long awns.