油芒Eccoilopus cotulifer (Thunb.) A. Camus
油芒Eccoilopus cotulifer (Thunb.) A. Camus
3. 油芒（日名）秾茅（钟观光拟）图版13：9-15
Eccoilopus cotulifer (Thunb.) A. Camus in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 70: 92. 1923; Honda in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo (Bot.) 3: 397. 1930; Pilger in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 14e. 119. 1940; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 145. 1960; 台湾的禾草673, 图232-1975; 台湾植物志5: 642, pl. 1462.1978.——Andropogon cotuliferum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 41. 1784.——Eccoilopus andropogonoides Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 124. 1855. ——Eulalia cotulifera Munro ex Miq. Prol. Fl. Jap. 177. 1867.——Miscanthus cotulifer Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 65. 1882.——Spodiopogon cotulifer (Thunb. ) Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 187. 1889; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 108. 1897; Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot 36: 351. 1904; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科768. 图714. 1959.
一年生草本。秆较高大，直立，高60-80厘米，直径3-8毫米，具5-13节，秆节稍膨大，与鞘节相距约5毫米，节下被白粉，单纯而不具分枝，节间质地较硬，平滑无毛。叶鞘疏松裹茎，无毛，下部者压扁成脊并长于其节间，上部者圆筒形较短于其节间，鞘口具柔毛；叶舌膜质，褐色，长2-3毫米，顶端具小纤毛，紧贴其背部具柔毛；叶片披针状线形，长15-60厘米，宽8-20毫米，顶端渐尖，基部渐窄呈柄状，中脉粗壮渐至上部变细，下面贴生疣基柔毛，上面粗糙，边缘微粗糙。圆锥花序开展，长15-30厘米，先端下垂；分枝轮生，细弱，长5-15厘米，下部裸露，上部具6-15节，节生短髭毛；不易折断，每节具一长柄一短柄小穗，节间无毛，等长或较长于小穗；小穗柄上部膨大，边缘具细短毛，长柄约与小穗等长，短柄长约2毫米；小穗线状披针形，长5-6毫米，基部具长不过1毫米之柔毛；第一颖草质，背部粗糙，通常具9脉，脉间疏生及边缘密生柔毛，顶端渐尖具2微齿或有小尖头；第二颖具7脉，脉上部微粗糙，中部脉间疏生柔毛，顶端具小尖头乃至短芒；第一外稃透明膜质，长圆形，顶端具齿裂或中间一齿突出，边缘具细纤毛；第一内稃较窄，长约3毫米，无毛；第二外稃窄披针形，长约4毫米，中部以上2裂，裂齿间伸出一芒，芒长12-15毫米，芒柱长约4毫米，芒针稍扭转；花药黄色，长2.5-3毫米，花丝长约0.5毫米；柱头紫褐色，长约4毫米，自小穗之顶端伸出；鳞被2枚，截形，长约0.8毫米，顶端有柔毛。染色体2n=40 （Tateoka，1953，1954；Celarier，1956）。花果期9-11月。
产于河南、陕西、甘肃、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、台湾、贵州、四川、云南等省；生于山坡、山谷和荒地路旁，海拔200-1000米，也分布于印度西北部至日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Spodiopogon cotulifer (Thunberg) Hackel
油芒 you mang
Andropogon cotulifer Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 903. 1784; Eccoilopus andropogonoides Steudel; E. cotulifer (Thunberg) A. Camus; E. cotulifer var. sagittiformis Ohwi; Eulalia cotulifera (Thunberg) Munro; Miscanthus cotulifer (Thunberg) Bentham; Saccharum cotuliferum (Thunberg) Roberty.
Perennial. Culms solitary, erect, 60–150 cm tall, 3–8 mm in diam., unbranched. Leaf sheaths smooth, papery; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 15–60 × 0.8–2 cm, scabrid, abaxial surface sparsely hispid, adaxial surface villous above ligule, base narrowed, lower blades pseudopetiolate, apex finely acute; ligule 2–3 mm. Panicle open, ovate-oblong in outline, 15–30 cm; branches capillary, flexuous, 3–10 cm, usually tipped by a single raceme, infrequently branched; racemes 3–10-noded, articulation lines present, shortly bearded, not disarticulating at maturity, spikelets of a pair both pedicellate; rachis internodes 4–7 mm, filiform, apices swollen; pedicels unequal, clavate upward, shorter pedicel stout. Spikelets 5–6 mm; callus hairs ca. 1 mm; lower glume narrowly lanceolate, subglabrous to hispid, veins scabrid, margins densely hispid, apex emarginate, shortly awned to 1.5 mm; upper glume similar; lower floret sterile, palea narrow; upper lemma 2-lobed to middle; awn 12–18 mm. Anthers 2.5–3 mm. Fl. and fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 40.
Grassy hillsides, valleys, roadsides; 200–1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [N India, Japan, Kashmir, S Korea].
The spikelets drop very readily at maturity, leaving slender, articulated raceme axes bearing paired, clavate pedicels of distinctive and easily recognizable appearance.
别名：秾茅;大油芒;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：油芒属 Eccoilopus
3. 油芒（日名）秾茅（钟观光拟）图版13：9-15
Eccoilopus cotulifer (Thunb.) A. Camus in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 70: 92. 1923; Honda in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo (Bot.) 3: 397. 1930; Pilger in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 14e. 119. 1940; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 145. 1960; 台湾的禾草673, 图232-1975; 台湾植物志5: 642, pl. 1462.1978.——Andropogon cotuliferum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 41. 1784.——Eccoilopus andropogonoides Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 124. 1855. ——Eulalia cotulifera Munro ex Miq. Prol. Fl. Jap. 177. 1867.——Miscanthus cotulifer Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 65. 1882.——Spodiopogon cotulifer (Thunb. ) Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 187. 1889; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 108. 1897; Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot 36: 351. 1904; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科768. 图714. 1959.
一年生草本。秆较高大，直立，高60-80厘米，直径3-8毫米，具5-13节，秆节稍膨大，与鞘节相距约5毫米，节下被白粉，单纯而不具分枝，节间质地较硬，平滑无毛。叶鞘疏松裹茎，无毛，下部者压扁成脊并长于其节间，上部者圆筒形较短于其节间，鞘口具柔毛；叶舌膜质，褐色，长2-3毫米，顶端具小纤毛，紧贴其背部具柔毛；叶片披针状线形，长15-60厘米，宽8-20毫米，顶端渐尖，基部渐窄呈柄状，中脉粗壮渐至上部变细，下面贴生疣基柔毛，上面粗糙，边缘微粗糙。圆锥花序开展，长15-30厘米，先端下垂；分枝轮生，细弱，长5-15厘米，下部裸露，上部具6-15节，节生短髭毛；不易折断，每节具一长柄一短柄小穗，节间无毛，等长或较长于小穗；小穗柄上部膨大，边缘具细短毛，长柄约与小穗等长，短柄长约2毫米；小穗线状披针形，长5-6毫米，基部具长不过1毫米之柔毛；第一颖草质，背部粗糙，通常具9脉，脉间疏生及边缘密生柔毛，顶端渐尖具2微齿或有小尖头；第二颖具7脉，脉上部微粗糙，中部脉间疏生柔毛，顶端具小尖头乃至短芒；第一外稃透明膜质，长圆形，顶端具齿裂或中间一齿突出，边缘具细纤毛；第一内稃较窄，长约3毫米，无毛；第二外稃窄披针形，长约4毫米，中部以上2裂，裂齿间伸出一芒，芒长12-15毫米，芒柱长约4毫米，芒针稍扭转；花药黄色，长2.5-3毫米，花丝长约0.5毫米；柱头紫褐色，长约4毫米，自小穗之顶端伸出；鳞被2枚，截形，长约0.8毫米，顶端有柔毛。染色体2n=40 （Tateoka，1953，1954；Celarier，1956）。花果期9-11月。
产于河南、陕西、甘肃、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、台湾、贵州、四川、云南等省；生于山坡、山谷和荒地路旁，海拔200-1000米，也分布于印度西北部至日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Spodiopogon cotulifer (Thunberg) Hackel
油芒 you mang
Andropogon cotulifer Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 903. 1784; Eccoilopus andropogonoides Steudel; E. cotulifer (Thunberg) A. Camus; E. cotulifer var. sagittiformis Ohwi; Eulalia cotulifera (Thunberg) Munro; Miscanthus cotulifer (Thunberg) Bentham; Saccharum cotuliferum (Thunberg) Roberty.
Perennial. Culms solitary, erect, 60–150 cm tall, 3–8 mm in diam., unbranched. Leaf sheaths smooth, papery; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 15–60 × 0.8–2 cm, scabrid, abaxial surface sparsely hispid, adaxial surface villous above ligule, base narrowed, lower blades pseudopetiolate, apex finely acute; ligule 2–3 mm. Panicle open, ovate-oblong in outline, 15–30 cm; branches capillary, flexuous, 3–10 cm, usually tipped by a single raceme, infrequently branched; racemes 3–10-noded, articulation lines present, shortly bearded, not disarticulating at maturity, spikelets of a pair both pedicellate; rachis internodes 4–7 mm, filiform, apices swollen; pedicels unequal, clavate upward, shorter pedicel stout. Spikelets 5–6 mm; callus hairs ca. 1 mm; lower glume narrowly lanceolate, subglabrous to hispid, veins scabrid, margins densely hispid, apex emarginate, shortly awned to 1.5 mm; upper glume similar; lower floret sterile, palea narrow; upper lemma 2-lobed to middle; awn 12–18 mm. Anthers 2.5–3 mm. Fl. and fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 40.
Grassy hillsides, valleys, roadsides; 200–1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [N India, Japan, Kashmir, S Korea].
The spikelets drop very readily at maturity, leaving slender, articulated raceme axes bearing paired, clavate pedicels of distinctive and easily recognizable appearance.