曲芒发草Deschampsia flexuosa (Linn.) Trin.
曲芒发草Deschampsia flexuosa (Linn.) Trin.
1.曲芒发草（禾本科图说）米芒（日名）图版37：1-4
Deschampsia flexuosa (Linn.) Trin. in Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 1: 66. 1836; Roshev. in Kom. Fl. URSS 2: 244. t. 18. f. 9. 1934;禾本科图说485.图417. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 435. 1960;台湾禾草265.图27. 1975; 中国高等植物, 图鉴5: 845. 1976: 台湾植物志5: 411. 1380. 1978. ——Aira flexuosa Linn. Sp. Pl. 65. 1753. ——Avena flexuosa (Linn.) Mert. et Koch in Roehl. Deutsch. Fl. ed. 3. 1: 570. 1823. ——Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (Linn.) Schur subsp. flexuosa Tzvel. Poac. URSS 285. 1976.
多年生。须根较稀疏而柔韧，具下伸的根茎。秆直立，丛生，高15-30厘米，径约0.8毫米，具2-3节。叶鞘紧密裹茎，光滑，通常长于节间；叶舌膜质，长2-4毫米，披针形，顶端钝。叶片纵卷如丝状，长3-5厘米，宽约1毫米，光滑。圆锥花序疏松开展，长5-10厘米，分枝细弱，屈曲，光滑，多孪生，仅具少数小穗于三叉分枝末梢；小穗具纤细的长柄，含2小花，长6-8毫米；小穗轴节间长约0.5毫米，被0.5毫米长的毛；颖膜质，尖披针形，具1脉，先端尖或长渐尖，第一颖较第二颖短1-2毫米；第一外稃长5.5-6毫米，先端渐尖或啮蚀状，背部点状粗糙，基盘两侧具长1-2毫米的毛，芒自外稃基部稍上处伸出，长约8毫米，中部以下膝曲，芒柱稍扭转；内稃稍短于外稃；花药长1.5-2毫米。颖果长圆、形，长约3毫米。花果期7-9月。
产台湾省。生于苔地草原或高山草原上。分布于欧洲至亚洲的高山地区。模式标本采自欧洲。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Deschampsia flexuosa (Linnaeus) Trinius
曲芒发草 qu mang fa cao
Aira flexuosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 65. 1753; A. kawakamii Hayata; Avenella flexuosa (Linnaeus) Drejer; Deschampsia kawakamii (Hayata) Honda; Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (Linnaeus) Schur.
Perennial, tufted, sometimes rhizomatous; old basal sheaths tightly overlapping. Culms slender, erect, 15–60 cm tall, 2- or 3-noded. Leaf sheaths longer than internodes, smooth or scaberulous upward; leaf blades setaceous, rather stiff, 3–15 cm, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, abaxial (outer) surface smooth; ligule lanceolate, 2–4 mm. Panicle open, ovate in outline, 5–10 cm, silvery with purple or brown tinge; branches usually paired, capillary, flexuous, bearing spikelets on distal part. Spikelets 4–6(–8) mm, florets 2, rachilla internode short; glumes thinly membranous, 1-veined, lower shorter than upper, apex acute; callus hairs ca. 1 mm; lemmas 3.5–5(–6) mm, asperulous, awned from near base, apex denticulate or erose; awn 5–8 mm, exserted from spikelet, geniculate in middle, column dark brown, twisted. Anthers 1.5–2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 28.
Exposed mountain peaks, on stony soil and rocky slopes. Taiwan [Japan, Philippines (Luzon), Russia; Africa (high mountains), SW Asia (Caucasus), Europe, North America, South America (S Argentina, S Chile)].
A variant of this widespread species found on Yu Shan (Mt. Morrison) in Taiwan has larger spikelets than usual (6–8 mm), since the glumes are drawn out into long caudate tips, with the upper glume 1–2 mm longer than the lower. This variant is the basis of Deschampsia kawakamii. Typical D. flexuosa also occurs in Taiwan.
别名：wavy hairgrass;米芒;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：发草属 Deschampsia
1.曲芒发草（禾本科图说）米芒（日名）图版37：1-4
Deschampsia flexuosa (Linn.) Trin. in Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 1: 66. 1836; Roshev. in Kom. Fl. URSS 2: 244. t. 18. f. 9. 1934;禾本科图说485.图417. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 435. 1960;台湾禾草265.图27. 1975; 中国高等植物, 图鉴5: 845. 1976: 台湾植物志5: 411. 1380. 1978. ——Aira flexuosa Linn. Sp. Pl. 65. 1753. ——Avena flexuosa (Linn.) Mert. et Koch in Roehl. Deutsch. Fl. ed. 3. 1: 570. 1823. ——Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (Linn.) Schur subsp. flexuosa Tzvel. Poac. URSS 285. 1976.
多年生。须根较稀疏而柔韧，具下伸的根茎。秆直立，丛生，高15-30厘米，径约0.8毫米，具2-3节。叶鞘紧密裹茎，光滑，通常长于节间；叶舌膜质，长2-4毫米，披针形，顶端钝。叶片纵卷如丝状，长3-5厘米，宽约1毫米，光滑。圆锥花序疏松开展，长5-10厘米，分枝细弱，屈曲，光滑，多孪生，仅具少数小穗于三叉分枝末梢；小穗具纤细的长柄，含2小花，长6-8毫米；小穗轴节间长约0.5毫米，被0.5毫米长的毛；颖膜质，尖披针形，具1脉，先端尖或长渐尖，第一颖较第二颖短1-2毫米；第一外稃长5.5-6毫米，先端渐尖或啮蚀状，背部点状粗糙，基盘两侧具长1-2毫米的毛，芒自外稃基部稍上处伸出，长约8毫米，中部以下膝曲，芒柱稍扭转；内稃稍短于外稃；花药长1.5-2毫米。颖果长圆、形，长约3毫米。花果期7-9月。
产台湾省。生于苔地草原或高山草原上。分布于欧洲至亚洲的高山地区。模式标本采自欧洲。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Deschampsia flexuosa (Linnaeus) Trinius
曲芒发草 qu mang fa cao
Aira flexuosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 65. 1753; A. kawakamii Hayata; Avenella flexuosa (Linnaeus) Drejer; Deschampsia kawakamii (Hayata) Honda; Lerchenfeldia flexuosa (Linnaeus) Schur.
Perennial, tufted, sometimes rhizomatous; old basal sheaths tightly overlapping. Culms slender, erect, 15–60 cm tall, 2- or 3-noded. Leaf sheaths longer than internodes, smooth or scaberulous upward; leaf blades setaceous, rather stiff, 3–15 cm, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, abaxial (outer) surface smooth; ligule lanceolate, 2–4 mm. Panicle open, ovate in outline, 5–10 cm, silvery with purple or brown tinge; branches usually paired, capillary, flexuous, bearing spikelets on distal part. Spikelets 4–6(–8) mm, florets 2, rachilla internode short; glumes thinly membranous, 1-veined, lower shorter than upper, apex acute; callus hairs ca. 1 mm; lemmas 3.5–5(–6) mm, asperulous, awned from near base, apex denticulate or erose; awn 5–8 mm, exserted from spikelet, geniculate in middle, column dark brown, twisted. Anthers 1.5–2.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 28.
Exposed mountain peaks, on stony soil and rocky slopes. Taiwan [Japan, Philippines (Luzon), Russia; Africa (high mountains), SW Asia (Caucasus), Europe, North America, South America (S Argentina, S Chile)].
A variant of this widespread species found on Yu Shan (Mt. Morrison) in Taiwan has larger spikelets than usual (6–8 mm), since the glumes are drawn out into long caudate tips, with the upper glume 1–2 mm longer than the lower. This variant is the basis of Deschampsia kawakamii. Typical D. flexuosa also occurs in Taiwan.