扁芒草Danthonia schneideri Pilger
扁芒草Danthonia schneideri Pilger
1．扁芒草（禾本科图说）邓氏草（禾本科图说）图版31:1-3
Danthonia schneideri Pilger in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 131. 1921; 禾本科图说498.图428. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 97. 1976.
多年生。须根较粗而柔韧，具木质化的根茎，常较短或有时伸长。秆直立，高15-60厘米，具2-4节，紧密丛生，基部宿存枯萎的叶鞘。叶鞘常短于节间，无毛或有毛；叶舌为1圈长0.5-3毫米之柔毛；叶片质较硬，卷折如丝状，稀扁平，无毛或下面疏生白柔毛，长5-25厘米，宽1-2毫米，基部分蘖之叶片长达35厘米。圆锥花序紧缩（有时可退化几成总状），长3-10厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，分枝或小穗柄略扁或具角棱，具微毛或顶端具1圈长柔毛；小穗（雌雄异株）含4-6小花，灰绿色或乳黄色、紫色；小穗轴节间无毛，长1.5-2毫米；颖膜质，披针形，几相等，长10-20毫米，具3-7脉，脉间有小横脉；外稃质地较厚，具7-9脉，上部1/3以上2裂，裂片先端延伸成长5-10毫米细的侧芒，在裂片以下和沿边缘被疏密不等的长柔毛或无毛，基盘两侧之毛长达4毫米，第一外稃长6-8毫米，在两侧芒基部之间伸出1膝曲的芒，其芒长1.5-2.5厘米，芒柱扁平扭转，棕色，长2-4毫米，芒针扁平，直立或稀疏扭转；内稃透明膜质，脊微粗糙；鳞被2，长约1.5毫米，楔形，先端边缘具纤毛；花药黄色、桔红色至粉红色，长2.5-4毫米；雌蕊具黄色帚刷状的柱头。花果期5-10月。
产云南、四川和西藏等省区。生于海拔2920-4500米的高山草原草甸及林下灌丛中或河沟边多石处。模式标本采自云南丽江县。
四川省木里地区藏民将该种叫“野山”，是耗牛很好的饲料。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Danthonia cumminsii J. D. Hooker
扁芒草 bian mang cao
Danthonia cachemyriana Jaubert & Spach var. minor J. D. Hooker; D. schneideri Pilger; D. schneideri var. minor (J. D. Hooker) Karthikeyan.
Tussocky perennial from a woody rootstock, basal sheaths leathery, yellowish. Culms 15–60 cm tall, cleistogenes absent. Leaf blades filiform, stiff, up to 35 cm, 1–2 mm wide, glabrous or abaxial surface pubescent. Inflorescence variable, 3–15 cm, a dense, narrow, many-spiculate panicle ranging to a few-spiculate raceme; branches and pedicels puberulous, sometimes a ring of hairs below spikelet. Spikelets with 4(–6) florets spaced on a filiform rachilla; glumes (10–)13–20 mm, gray-green or purple-tinged, elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes thinly hairy, denticulate or mucronate; callus villous; lemma elliptic, bifid above middle, often in upper 1/3, 4.2–8 mm (to awn base), 7–9-veined, thinly hairy on upper margins and across upper back or fringed on margins, hairs sometimes weakly tufted, infrequently short hairs also on lower back or marginal tufts toward base, lobes acuminate into slender awns; central awn 1.5–2.5 cm with dark brown column, awns of lobes 4.5–8 mm. Anthers 2.8–4.5 mm. Lodicules ciliate, hairs ca. 1 mm. Caryopsis narrowly elliptic-oblong, ca. 3 mm; hilum linear, 7/8 caryopsis length. Fl. and fr. May–Oct.
Alpine steppe-meadows, upland forests and stony ground near streams; 3000–4500 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Pakistan].
This is a very variable species, especially in spikelet size and lemma indumentum, but it is not easily divided into infraspecific taxa. Small-spiculate forms with purple glumes and larger, pallid forms sometimes grow together.
This is an important component of alpine pasture, providing good forage for yaks.
别名：邓氏草（禾本科图说）
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：扁芒草属 Danthonia
1．扁芒草（禾本科图说）邓氏草（禾本科图说）图版31:1-3
Danthonia schneideri Pilger in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 131. 1921; 禾本科图说498.图428. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 97. 1976.
多年生。须根较粗而柔韧，具木质化的根茎，常较短或有时伸长。秆直立，高15-60厘米，具2-4节，紧密丛生，基部宿存枯萎的叶鞘。叶鞘常短于节间，无毛或有毛；叶舌为1圈长0.5-3毫米之柔毛；叶片质较硬，卷折如丝状，稀扁平，无毛或下面疏生白柔毛，长5-25厘米，宽1-2毫米，基部分蘖之叶片长达35厘米。圆锥花序紧缩（有时可退化几成总状），长3-10厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，分枝或小穗柄略扁或具角棱，具微毛或顶端具1圈长柔毛；小穗（雌雄异株）含4-6小花，灰绿色或乳黄色、紫色；小穗轴节间无毛，长1.5-2毫米；颖膜质，披针形，几相等，长10-20毫米，具3-7脉，脉间有小横脉；外稃质地较厚，具7-9脉，上部1/3以上2裂，裂片先端延伸成长5-10毫米细的侧芒，在裂片以下和沿边缘被疏密不等的长柔毛或无毛，基盘两侧之毛长达4毫米，第一外稃长6-8毫米，在两侧芒基部之间伸出1膝曲的芒，其芒长1.5-2.5厘米，芒柱扁平扭转，棕色，长2-4毫米，芒针扁平，直立或稀疏扭转；内稃透明膜质，脊微粗糙；鳞被2，长约1.5毫米，楔形，先端边缘具纤毛；花药黄色、桔红色至粉红色，长2.5-4毫米；雌蕊具黄色帚刷状的柱头。花果期5-10月。
产云南、四川和西藏等省区。生于海拔2920-4500米的高山草原草甸及林下灌丛中或河沟边多石处。模式标本采自云南丽江县。
四川省木里地区藏民将该种叫“野山”，是耗牛很好的饲料。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Danthonia cumminsii J. D. Hooker
扁芒草 bian mang cao
Danthonia cachemyriana Jaubert & Spach var. minor J. D. Hooker; D. schneideri Pilger; D. schneideri var. minor (J. D. Hooker) Karthikeyan.
Tussocky perennial from a woody rootstock, basal sheaths leathery, yellowish. Culms 15–60 cm tall, cleistogenes absent. Leaf blades filiform, stiff, up to 35 cm, 1–2 mm wide, glabrous or abaxial surface pubescent. Inflorescence variable, 3–15 cm, a dense, narrow, many-spiculate panicle ranging to a few-spiculate raceme; branches and pedicels puberulous, sometimes a ring of hairs below spikelet. Spikelets with 4(–6) florets spaced on a filiform rachilla; glumes (10–)13–20 mm, gray-green or purple-tinged, elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes thinly hairy, denticulate or mucronate; callus villous; lemma elliptic, bifid above middle, often in upper 1/3, 4.2–8 mm (to awn base), 7–9-veined, thinly hairy on upper margins and across upper back or fringed on margins, hairs sometimes weakly tufted, infrequently short hairs also on lower back or marginal tufts toward base, lobes acuminate into slender awns; central awn 1.5–2.5 cm with dark brown column, awns of lobes 4.5–8 mm. Anthers 2.8–4.5 mm. Lodicules ciliate, hairs ca. 1 mm. Caryopsis narrowly elliptic-oblong, ca. 3 mm; hilum linear, 7/8 caryopsis length. Fl. and fr. May–Oct.
Alpine steppe-meadows, upland forests and stony ground near streams; 3000–4500 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Pakistan].
This is a very variable species, especially in spikelet size and lemma indumentum, but it is not easily divided into infraspecific taxa. Small-spiculate forms with purple glumes and larger, pallid forms sometimes grow together.
This is an important component of alpine pasture, providing good forage for yaks.