九顶草Enneapogon borealis
九顶草Enneapogon borealis
1.九顶草（拟）冠芒草（种子植物名称）图版1：1-6
Enneapogon borealis (Griseb.) Honda in Rep. First. Sci. Exped. Manch. Sect. 4,4: 101. 1936.——Pappophorum borealis Griseb. in Lebeb. Fl. Ross. 4:404. 1853: 中国主要植物图说 禾本科333. 图272. 1959. ——Enneapogon desvauxii subsp. borealis (Griseb.) Tzvel. in Fed Poac. URSS 623. 1976. ——Enneapogon brachystachyus auct. non. Stapf;中国高等植物图鉴5:136. 图7081. 1976.
多年生密丛草本。基部鞘内常具隐藏小穗。秆节常膝曲，高5-25（35）厘米，被柔毛。叶鞘多短于节间，密被短柔毛，鞘内常有分枝；叶舌极短，顶端具纤毛；叶片长2-12厘米，宽1-3毫米，多内卷，密生短柔毛，基生叶呈刺毛状。圆锥花序短穗状，紧缩呈圆柱形，长（1）1.5-3.5厘米，宽6-11毫米，铅灰色或成熟后呈草黄色；小穗通常含2-3小花，顶端小花明显退化，小穗轴节间无毛；颖质薄，边缘膜质，披针形，先端尖，背部被短柔毛，具3-5脉，中脉形成脊，第一颖长3-3.5毫米，第二颖长4-5毫米；第一外稃长2-2.5毫米，被柔毛，尤以边缘更显，基盘亦被柔毛，顶端具9条直立羽毛状芒，芒略不等长，长2-4毫米；内稃与外稃等长或稍长，脊上具纤毛；花药长0.5毫米。染色体2n=36（Anderson,1956）。花果期8-11月。
产辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、新疆、青海、山西、河北、安徽等省区；生于海拔950-1 900米干燥山坡及草地。非洲、印度及苏联中亚地区也有分布。模式标本采自苏联外贝加尔。
可作饲料。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Enneapogon desvauxii P. Beauvois
九顶草 jiu ding cao
Enneapogon borealis (Grisebach) Honda; E. brachysta-chyus (Jaubert & Spach) Stapf; E. desvauxii subsp. borealis (Grisebach) Tzvelev; E. jinjiangensis B. S. Sun & S. Wang; Pappophorum boreale Grisebach; P. brachystachyum Jaubert & Spach.
Perennial. Culms densely tufted, wiry, usually geniculate at base, 5–35 cm tall, pubescent. Basal leaf sheaths tough, whitish, enclosing cleistogamous spikelets, finally becoming fibrous; leaf blades usually involute, filiform, 2–12 cm, 1–3 mm wide, densely pubescent or the abaxial surface with longer white soft hairs, finely acuminate. Panicle gray, dense, spikelike, linear to ovate, 1.5–5 × 0.6–1 cm. Spikelets with 3 florets, 5.5–7 mm; glumes pubescent, 3–9-veined, lower glume 3–3.5 mm, upper glume 4–5 mm; lowest lemma 1.5–2 mm, densely villous; awns 2–4 mm, subequal, ciliate in lower 2/3 of their length; third lemma 0.5–3 mm, reduced to a small tuft of awns. Anthers 0.3–0.6 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 36.
Dry hill slopes; 1000–1900 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan [India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, E Russia; Africa, America, SW Asia].
This species is one of the most widespread in the genus and is the only one to develop cleistogamous spikelets within the basal leaf sheaths. Mature grains can often be found at the base of the plant.
别名：冠芒草;nineawn pappusgrass;
科名：禾本科 GRAMINEAE（POACEAE）
属名：九顶草属 Enneapogon
1.九顶草（拟）冠芒草（种子植物名称）图版1：1-6
Enneapogon borealis (Griseb.) Honda in Rep. First. Sci. Exped. Manch. Sect. 4,4: 101. 1936.——Pappophorum borealis Griseb. in Lebeb. Fl. Ross. 4:404. 1853: 中国主要植物图说 禾本科333. 图272. 1959. ——Enneapogon desvauxii subsp. borealis (Griseb.) Tzvel. in Fed Poac. URSS 623. 1976. ——Enneapogon brachystachyus auct. non. Stapf;中国高等植物图鉴5:136. 图7081. 1976.
多年生密丛草本。基部鞘内常具隐藏小穗。秆节常膝曲，高5-25（35）厘米，被柔毛。叶鞘多短于节间，密被短柔毛，鞘内常有分枝；叶舌极短，顶端具纤毛；叶片长2-12厘米，宽1-3毫米，多内卷，密生短柔毛，基生叶呈刺毛状。圆锥花序短穗状，紧缩呈圆柱形，长（1）1.5-3.5厘米，宽6-11毫米，铅灰色或成熟后呈草黄色；小穗通常含2-3小花，顶端小花明显退化，小穗轴节间无毛；颖质薄，边缘膜质，披针形，先端尖，背部被短柔毛，具3-5脉，中脉形成脊，第一颖长3-3.5毫米，第二颖长4-5毫米；第一外稃长2-2.5毫米，被柔毛，尤以边缘更显，基盘亦被柔毛，顶端具9条直立羽毛状芒，芒略不等长，长2-4毫米；内稃与外稃等长或稍长，脊上具纤毛；花药长0.5毫米。染色体2n=36（Anderson,1956）。花果期8-11月。
产辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、新疆、青海、山西、河北、安徽等省区；生于海拔950-1 900米干燥山坡及草地。非洲、印度及苏联中亚地区也有分布。模式标本采自苏联外贝加尔。
可作饲料。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Enneapogon desvauxii P. Beauvois
九顶草 jiu ding cao
Enneapogon borealis (Grisebach) Honda; E. brachysta-chyus (Jaubert & Spach) Stapf; E. desvauxii subsp. borealis (Grisebach) Tzvelev; E. jinjiangensis B. S. Sun & S. Wang; Pappophorum boreale Grisebach; P. brachystachyum Jaubert & Spach.
Perennial. Culms densely tufted, wiry, usually geniculate at base, 5–35 cm tall, pubescent. Basal leaf sheaths tough, whitish, enclosing cleistogamous spikelets, finally becoming fibrous; leaf blades usually involute, filiform, 2–12 cm, 1–3 mm wide, densely pubescent or the abaxial surface with longer white soft hairs, finely acuminate. Panicle gray, dense, spikelike, linear to ovate, 1.5–5 × 0.6–1 cm. Spikelets with 3 florets, 5.5–7 mm; glumes pubescent, 3–9-veined, lower glume 3–3.5 mm, upper glume 4–5 mm; lowest lemma 1.5–2 mm, densely villous; awns 2–4 mm, subequal, ciliate in lower 2/3 of their length; third lemma 0.5–3 mm, reduced to a small tuft of awns. Anthers 0.3–0.6 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov. 2n = 36.
Dry hill slopes; 1000–1900 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan [India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, E Russia; Africa, America, SW Asia].
This species is one of the most widespread in the genus and is the only one to develop cleistogamous spikelets within the basal leaf sheaths. Mature grains can often be found at the base of the plant.