芒萁Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Bernh.

别名：芒其;小里白;芒萁草;打俄思干;芒箕草;山芒;铁蕨鸡;换础;狼萁;芦箕;芒箕;铁芒萁;铁狼萁;

科名：里白科 Gleicheniaceae

属名：芒萁属 Dicranopteris

《中国植物志》第2卷120页
  5. 芒萁（中国主要植物图说，蕨类植物门）　图版IX, 6-9
  Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb. ) Bernh. in Schrad. Journ. I(1806) 38; H. Ito, Fil. Jap. Illustr. (1944) t. 483——Polypodium dichotomum Thunb. Fl. Jap. (1784)338, t. 37——Mertensia dichotom Willd. Vet. Ak. Nga Handl. (1804) 167——Gleichenia dichotoma Hook. Sp. Fil. I (1844) 12; Benth. Fl. Hong. (1861) 442; Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. (1863) t. 74: Dunn & Tutch. Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. X (1912) 334——Gleichenia lanigera Don Prod. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 17——Gleichenia linearis Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. II, Bot. I(1880) 428, quoadplant. Ind. ; Bedd. Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. (1883) 4; Ogata, Ic. Fil. Jap. IV (1913) 180; Tard. -Blot et C. Chr. in Fl. Indo-Chine VII, ii (1939) 49, pro parte; DeVol, Ferns East. Centr. China in Notes Bot. Chin. Mus. Heude No. 7 (1945) 54; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说(蕨类植物门) (1957) 31页, 36图.
  植株通常高45-90-（120）厘米。根状茎横走，粗约2毫米，密被暗锈色长毛。叶远生，柄长24-56厘米，粗1.5-2毫米，棕禾稈色，光滑，基部以上无毛；叶轴一至二（三）回二叉分枝，一回羽轴长约9厘米，被暗锈色毛，渐变光滑，有时顶芽萌发，生出的一回羽轴，长6.5-17.5厘米，二回羽轴长3-5厘米；腋芽小，卵形，密被锈黄色毛；芽苞长5-7毫米，卵形，边缘具不规则裂片或粗牙齿，偶为全缘；各回分叉处两侧均各有一对托叶状的羽片，平展，宽披针形，等大或不等，生于一回分叉处的长9.5-16.5厘米，宽3.5-5.2厘米，生于二回分叉处的较小，长4.4-11.5厘米，宽1.6-3.6厘米；末回羽片长16-23.5厘米，宽约4-5.5厘米，披针形或宽披针形，向顶端变狭，尾状，基部上侧变狭，篦齿状深裂几达羽轴；裂片平展，35-50对，线状披针形，长1.5-2.9厘米，宽3-4毫米，顶钝，常微凹，羽片基部上侧的数对极短，三角形或三角状长圆形，长4-10毫米，各裂片基部汇合，有尖狭的缺刻，全缘，具软骨质的狭边。侧脉两面隆起，明显，斜展，每组有3-4（5）条并行小脉，直达叶缘。 叶为纸质，上面黄绿色或绿色，沿羽轴被锈色毛，后变无毛，下面灰白色，沿中脉及侧脉疏被锈色毛。孢子囊羣圆形，一列，着生于基部上侧或上下两侧小脉的弯弓处，由5-8个孢子囊组成。
  产江苏南部、浙江、江西、安徽、湖北、湖南、贵州、四川、西康、福建、台湾、广东、香港、广西、云南。生强酸性土的荒坡或林缘，在森林砍伐后或放荒后的坡地上常成优势的中草羣落。日本、印度、越南都有分布。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Dicranopteris pedata  (Houttuyn) Nakaike Enum. Pterid. Jap., Filic. 114. 1975.
芒萁   mang qi
Polypodium pedatum Houttuyn, Nat. Hist. 14: 174. 1783; Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunberg) Bernhardi; D. linearis (N. L. Burman) Underwood; D. linearis var. alternans (Mettenius) Holttum; D. linearis var. subpectinata (Christ) Holttum; D. linearis var. tetraphylla (Rosenstock) Nakai; D. subpectinata (Christ) C. M. Kuo; D. tetraphylla (Rosenstock) C. M. Kuo; D. warburgii (Christ) Nakai; Gleichenia dichotoma (Thunberg) Hooker; G. dichotoma var. alternans Mettenius; G. linearis (N. L. Burman) C. B. Clarke; G. linearis var. tetraphylla Rosenstock; G. subpectinata Christ; G. warburgii Christ; Mertensia dichotoma (Thunberg) Willdenow; M. linearis (N. L. Burman) Fritsch (1901), not Greene (1897); P. dichotomum Thunberg (1784), not Houttuyn (1783); P. lineare N. L. Burman.
Plants 0.5-2(-3) m tall. Rhizomes creeping, 2-3 mm in diam., covered with dense dark brown or brown hairs. Stipe stramineous, 0.3-1(-2) m, 2-6 mm wide, glabrous; rachis 1-3(-5) times dichotomously branched, basal internode 10-15 cm, covered with dark brown hairs, glabrescent, second internode 3-5 cm; apical buds ca. 2 mm, covered with dense brown hairs; bracts ovate to ovate-oblong, 5-10 mm, margin irregularly crenate, rarely entire; rachises with a pair of lateral stipulelike pinnae at each dichotomy; lower lateral pinnules broadly lanceolate, 10-25 × 4-7 cm, upper ones smaller, 4-10 × 2-4 cm; ultimate pinnae lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 15-25(-35) × 4-8(-10) cm, base attenuate, apex caudate; lobes 15-50 on each side, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 10-50 × 2-4 mm, margin entire, apex emarginate or obtuse; lamina papery, glaucous abaxially, yellowish green or green adaxially, with sparse brown hairs on costae and veins abaxially; costae prominent on both surfaces; veins 3-5 in each group. Sori in 1 line on each side of costule; sporangia 5-8.
Thickets, forests, valleys, by rivers, hillsides; below 100-2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu (Wenxian), Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].
Dicranopteris pedata cannot be distinguished from D. linearis with any clear discriminative characters. The Japanese form is easily included in the range of variable forms of so-called D. linearis, and no infraspecific taxa are recognized under that variable species in the present treatment.Dicranopteris linearis is widely distributed in tropical areas of S Asia and is sometimes an invasive weed. It is very variable, and Holttum (Fl. Males., Ser. 2, 1: 33-36. 1959) recognized thirteen varieties, four of which have been reported in Taiwan: D. linearis var. linearis, D. linearis var. montana (here treated under D. taiwanensis), D. linearis var. subpectinata, and D. linearis var. tetraphylla. These were separated by the presence or absence of hairs on the pinnules, rachis dichotomies equal or unequal, presence or absence of lateral pinnae subtending the ultimate pinnae, and dimensions of the pinnae (Fl. Taiwan, ed. 2, 1: 92-94. 1994); however, we believe that these vary too continuously to justify the recognition of distinct taxa.The status of Gleichenia linearis var. longicauda Christ (Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 19. 1899), described from Yunnan, is uncertain.

【拼音名】 Mánɡ Qí
【别名】 蕨箕、芒萁骨、路萁、狼萁、小黑白
【来源】 蕨类里白科芒萁属植物芒萁Dicranopteris dichotoma （Thunb.）Bernh.以全草或根状茎入药。四季可采，鲜用或晒干。
【性味】 苦、涩，平。
【功能主治】 清热利尿，化瘀，止血。用于鼻衄，肺热咳血，尿道炎，膀胱炎，小便不利，水肿，月经过多，血崩，白带；外用治创伤出血，跌打损伤，烧烫伤，骨折，蜈蚣咬伤。
【用法用量】 根状茎或茎心0.5～1两，全草1～2两；外用全草（或根状茎或茎心）捣烂敷，或晒干研粉敷患处。
【备注】 （1）同属植物铁芒萁（铁郎萁）Dicranopteris linearis （Burm.）Underw.形态相似，性效相同。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》