反瓣老鹳草Geranium refractum Edgew. et Hook. f.
反瓣老鹳草Geranium refractum Edgew. et Hook. f.
10.反瓣老鹳草（西藏植物志）图版10：7-8
Geranium refractum Edgew. et Hook. f. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 428. 1874; R. Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 53. 4 (129) : 135. 1912; Hara in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 73. 1975; 西藏植物志3: 7. 1986; Yen in Edinb. Journ. Bot. 49 (2): 163. 1992. p. p.
多年生草本，高约30-40厘米。根茎粗壮，斜生。茎多数，直立，被倒向开展的糙毛和腺毛。叶对生；托叶卵状披针形，长15-20毫米，外被疏柔毛；基生叶和茎下部叶具长柄，柄长为叶片2-3倍；叶片五角状，长约4厘米，宽约5厘米，掌状5深裂近基部，裂片菱形或倒卵状菱形，下部全缘，表面被短伏毛，背面被疏柔毛。总花梗腋生和顶生，长于叶，被倒向短柔毛和开展腺毛；花梗与总花梗相似，等于或长于花，花后下折；萼片长卵形或椭圆状卵形，长7-8毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端具短尖头；花瓣白色，倒长卵形，反折，长约为萼片的1.5倍，先端圆形，基部楔形；雌蕊被短柔毛。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
分布于西藏南部（亚东）。生于海拔3 800-4 500米的山地灌丛和草甸。尼泊尔、不丹、锡金和缅甸北部有分布。
本种以其紫黑色的花药、花丝和花柱分枝不同于具有棕褐色上述器官的紫萼老鹳草G. refracfoides Pax et Hoffm. 它们的分布区也明显不同，前者分布于喜马拉雅山中段，后者分布于横断山的西藏东部、四川西部和云南西北部。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Geranium refractum Edgeworth & J. D. Hooker
反瓣老鹳草 fan ban lao guan cao
Geranium angustilobum Z. M. Tan; G. batangense Pax & K. Hoffmann; G. melanandrum Franchet; G. refractoides Pax & K. Hoffmann.
Perennials. Rootstock ± vertical, 5-12 mm in diam., not tuberculate, with thickened roots along rootstock. Stem 16-50 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.2-1.3 mm retrorse to patent nonglandular trichomes and rarely 0.7-0.8 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules broadly lanceolate, connate at least at base. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.3-1.3 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes and rarely 0.7-0.8 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade 3.4-6.8 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.73-0.89, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes and rarely patent glandular trichomes; segments 5, rhombic, 3.5-7.5 mm wide at base, 6-18-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.17-0.28. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 3.9-10.3(-20) cm. Pedicel 0.4-4 cm, with 0.4-0.9 mm uncinate patent nonglandular trichomes and purplish 0.4-0.8 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals 8.4-10.8 mm, mucro 0.8-2.2 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.09-0.22, outside with 0.3-1.4 mm antrorse ± appressed nonglandular trichomes and purplish 0.3-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals white or pale pink, (1-)1.2-1.5(-2) cm, reflexed, basally sometimes outside and also usually inside with trichomes, margin basally with a dense tuft of trichomes, apex rounded. Staminal filaments reddish purple to pink, lanceolate, abaxially sparsely pilose and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.2-1.1(-1.6) mm; anthers blackish, 1.8-2.6 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, abaxially glabrous, apex with a tuft of trichomes. Stigma pale pink to purplish. Fruit 2.5-3.2 cm, nodding when immature; mericarps smooth, with a basal callus, with 0.5-1 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes; rostrum 1.7-2.2 cm, with a 5.2-6.2 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 2.6-3.3 mm. Seeds 2.7-3 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul- Aug. 2n = 28.
Scrub, meadows; 1800-4500 m. Sichuan, S Xizang (Yadong), Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar, Nepal].
Purplish glandular trichomes on the inflorescence are usually enough to identify this species unequivocally. In old herbarium specimens, sometimes purplish pigment is restricted to the apical cell and septa of the glandular trichomes. Yeo (Edinburgh J. Bot. 49: 165. 1992) sug gested that plants from Xizang have whitish flowers, whereas those from Sichuan and Yunnan have pinkish flowers. Geranium melanandrum and G. refractoides have been differentiated on this basis and by their more obscure stamens and styles. However, these color features are very variable and do not allow the recognition of different species.
别名：骤折老鹳草;
科名：牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae
属名：老鹳草属 Geranium
10.反瓣老鹳草（西藏植物志）图版10：7-8
Geranium refractum Edgew. et Hook. f. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 428. 1874; R. Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 53. 4 (129) : 135. 1912; Hara in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 73. 1975; 西藏植物志3: 7. 1986; Yen in Edinb. Journ. Bot. 49 (2): 163. 1992. p. p.
多年生草本，高约30-40厘米。根茎粗壮，斜生。茎多数，直立，被倒向开展的糙毛和腺毛。叶对生；托叶卵状披针形，长15-20毫米，外被疏柔毛；基生叶和茎下部叶具长柄，柄长为叶片2-3倍；叶片五角状，长约4厘米，宽约5厘米，掌状5深裂近基部，裂片菱形或倒卵状菱形，下部全缘，表面被短伏毛，背面被疏柔毛。总花梗腋生和顶生，长于叶，被倒向短柔毛和开展腺毛；花梗与总花梗相似，等于或长于花，花后下折；萼片长卵形或椭圆状卵形，长7-8毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端具短尖头；花瓣白色，倒长卵形，反折，长约为萼片的1.5倍，先端圆形，基部楔形；雌蕊被短柔毛。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
分布于西藏南部（亚东）。生于海拔3 800-4 500米的山地灌丛和草甸。尼泊尔、不丹、锡金和缅甸北部有分布。
本种以其紫黑色的花药、花丝和花柱分枝不同于具有棕褐色上述器官的紫萼老鹳草G. refracfoides Pax et Hoffm. 它们的分布区也明显不同，前者分布于喜马拉雅山中段，后者分布于横断山的西藏东部、四川西部和云南西北部。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Geranium refractum Edgeworth & J. D. Hooker
反瓣老鹳草 fan ban lao guan cao
Geranium angustilobum Z. M. Tan; G. batangense Pax & K. Hoffmann; G. melanandrum Franchet; G. refractoides Pax & K. Hoffmann.
Perennials. Rootstock ± vertical, 5-12 mm in diam., not tuberculate, with thickened roots along rootstock. Stem 16-50 cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.2-1.3 mm retrorse to patent nonglandular trichomes and rarely 0.7-0.8 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules broadly lanceolate, connate at least at base. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.3-1.3 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes and rarely 0.7-0.8 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade 3.4-6.8 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.73-0.89, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes and rarely patent glandular trichomes; segments 5, rhombic, 3.5-7.5 mm wide at base, 6-18-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.17-0.28. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 3.9-10.3(-20) cm. Pedicel 0.4-4 cm, with 0.4-0.9 mm uncinate patent nonglandular trichomes and purplish 0.4-0.8 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals 8.4-10.8 mm, mucro 0.8-2.2 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.09-0.22, outside with 0.3-1.4 mm antrorse ± appressed nonglandular trichomes and purplish 0.3-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals white or pale pink, (1-)1.2-1.5(-2) cm, reflexed, basally sometimes outside and also usually inside with trichomes, margin basally with a dense tuft of trichomes, apex rounded. Staminal filaments reddish purple to pink, lanceolate, abaxially sparsely pilose and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.2-1.1(-1.6) mm; anthers blackish, 1.8-2.6 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, abaxially glabrous, apex with a tuft of trichomes. Stigma pale pink to purplish. Fruit 2.5-3.2 cm, nodding when immature; mericarps smooth, with a basal callus, with 0.5-1 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes; rostrum 1.7-2.2 cm, with a 5.2-6.2 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 2.6-3.3 mm. Seeds 2.7-3 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul- Aug. 2n = 28.
Scrub, meadows; 1800-4500 m. Sichuan, S Xizang (Yadong), Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, N Myanmar, Nepal].
Purplish glandular trichomes on the inflorescence are usually enough to identify this species unequivocally. In old herbarium specimens, sometimes purplish pigment is restricted to the apical cell and septa of the glandular trichomes. Yeo (Edinburgh J. Bot. 49: 165. 1992) sug gested that plants from Xizang have whitish flowers, whereas those from Sichuan and Yunnan have pinkish flowers. Geranium melanandrum and G. refractoides have been differentiated on this basis and by their more obscure stamens and styles. However, these color features are very variable and do not allow the recognition of different species.