草地老鹳草Geranium pratense Linn.
草地老鹳草Geranium pratense Linn.
30. 草地老鹳草（中国高等植物图鉴）
Geranium pratense L. Sp. Pl. 681. 1753; R, Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 53. 4 (129): 127. 1912; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 297. 1939; Bobr. in Schischk. et Bobr. Fl. URSS 14: 31. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 522. 图2773. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 11. 1977; 西藏植物志3: 7. 1981; 四川植物志9: 29. 1989; 横断山区维管植物1: 1027. 1993; H. Koba, S. Akiyama. Y. Endo and H. Ohba, Name List Fl. Pl. Gymnosp. Nepal, 227. 1994. ——G. tranabaicalicum Serg. in Anim. Syst. Herb. Univ. Tomsk. 1:4. 1934, syn, nov.
种中文名：草地老鹳草
种拉丁名：Geranium pratense Linn.
科中文名：牻牛儿苗科
科拉丁名：Geraniaceae
属中文名：老鹳草属
属拉丁名：Geranium
国内分布：分布于东北西部，内蒙古，山西，西北，四川西部和西藏东部。
国外分布：欧洲，中亚山地，俄罗斯西伯利亚至蒙古皆有分布。
【药 名】：草地老鹳草
【拼 音】：CAODILAOGUANCAO
【来 源】：为牻牛儿苗科植物草地老鹳草的全草。
【功 效】：舒筋活络、止泻。
【主 治】：用于痹证、肠炎、痢疾、泄泻。
【性味归经】：辛、涩，温。入肝、肾、大肠、小肠四经。
【用法用量】：内服：煎汤，9一10克。
【动植物资源分布】：分布于四川西部。
【拉丁名】：Geanium daharicum DC. Var. alpinum Bat
【考 证】：始载于《新华本草纲要》。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Geranium pratense Linnaeus
草地老鹳草 cao di lao guan cao
Geranium affine Ledebour (1831), not Poiret (1812); G. pratense var. affine C. C. Huang & L. R. Xu; G. transbaicalicum Sergievskaja.
Perennials. Rootstock ± horizontal, 0.7-2 cm in diam., not tuberculate, with thickened roots along rootstock. Stem 23-100(-150) cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.1-1.7 mm retrorse to patent nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.2-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate, distinct. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.3-0.9 mm retrorse to patent nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.5-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade (4.2-)6.2-11.5 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = (0.81-)0.86-0.94, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments (5 or)7(or 9), rhombic, 2.2-7.5 mm wide at base, 10-30-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.15-0.48. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 1.3-12 cm. Pedicel 0.3-2.5 cm, with 0.2-0.4 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes and 0.4-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals (0.7-)1-1.2 cm, mucro (1.7-)2.2-3.9 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.16-0.39, outside with 0.2-0.9 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.3-1 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals bluish or sometimes purplish or white, (1.3-)1.5-1.9(-2.4) cm, erect to patent, both surfaces glabrous, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded. Staminal filaments pinkish, lanceolate with a broadly triangular base and an abruptly narrowed apex, both sides glabrous but proximal third with 0.2-0.6 mm cilia; anthers dark violet to bluish black, 1.8-3.1 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, abaxially glabrous, apex with a tuft of trichomes. Stigma green to pinkish. Fruit 3-3.7 cm, reflexed when immature; mericarps smooth but usually with 1 or 2 transversal veins at apex, with a basal callus, with 0.3-0.7 mm ± appressed nonglandular trichomes and usually only apically with 0.2-0.9 mm patent glandular trichomes; rostrum 2.1-2.9 cm, with a 7-9 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 2-3 mm. Seeds 3-3.6 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28.
Meadows, subalpine meadows; 1400-4000 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, NW Sichuan, Xinjiang, E Xizang [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe].
Geranium pratense shares with species 34-36 staminal filaments with a broadly triangular base and an abruptly narrowed apex. The triangular base is as wide as long and should not be confused with slightly dilated bases of other Chinese species, which are distinctively longer than wide. Leaf blades of G. pratense are deeply divided with a deeper main and second sinus. The extreme leaf-divided forms have been segregated as G. affine or G. transbaicalicum. However, these plants can be found along the area of G. pratense intermixed with normal forms. Petal color is usually bluish but it can also be white or purplish. Petal color is not related to leaf division or other characters and seems to have little taxonomic importance. The variability of this species in the Himalayas should be studied more deeply.
别名：meadow geranium;贯筋;培拉音－西木德格来;红根草;草甸老鹳草;草甸老观草;塔拉音-西木德格来;草原老鹤草;草原老观草;老牛筋;原野老鹳草;老鹳嘴;草原老鹳草;
科名：牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae
属名：老鹳草属 Geranium
30. 草地老鹳草（中国高等植物图鉴）
Geranium pratense L. Sp. Pl. 681. 1753; R, Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 53. 4 (129): 127. 1912; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 297. 1939; Bobr. in Schischk. et Bobr. Fl. URSS 14: 31. 1949; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 522. 图2773. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 11. 1977; 西藏植物志3: 7. 1981; 四川植物志9: 29. 1989; 横断山区维管植物1: 1027. 1993; H. Koba, S. Akiyama. Y. Endo and H. Ohba, Name List Fl. Pl. Gymnosp. Nepal, 227. 1994. ——G. tranabaicalicum Serg. in Anim. Syst. Herb. Univ. Tomsk. 1:4. 1934, syn, nov.
种中文名：草地老鹳草
种拉丁名：Geranium pratense Linn.
科中文名：牻牛儿苗科
科拉丁名：Geraniaceae
属中文名：老鹳草属
属拉丁名：Geranium
国内分布：分布于东北西部，内蒙古，山西，西北，四川西部和西藏东部。
国外分布：欧洲，中亚山地，俄罗斯西伯利亚至蒙古皆有分布。
【药 名】：草地老鹳草
【拼 音】：CAODILAOGUANCAO
【来 源】：为牻牛儿苗科植物草地老鹳草的全草。
【功 效】：舒筋活络、止泻。
【主 治】：用于痹证、肠炎、痢疾、泄泻。
【性味归经】：辛、涩，温。入肝、肾、大肠、小肠四经。
【用法用量】：内服：煎汤，9一10克。
【动植物资源分布】：分布于四川西部。
【拉丁名】：Geanium daharicum DC. Var. alpinum Bat
【考 证】：始载于《新华本草纲要》。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Geranium pratense Linnaeus
草地老鹳草 cao di lao guan cao
Geranium affine Ledebour (1831), not Poiret (1812); G. pratense var. affine C. C. Huang & L. R. Xu; G. transbaicalicum Sergievskaja.
Perennials. Rootstock ± horizontal, 0.7-2 cm in diam., not tuberculate, with thickened roots along rootstock. Stem 23-100(-150) cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with 0.1-1.7 mm retrorse to patent nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.2-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate, distinct. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.3-0.9 mm retrorse to patent nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.5-1.1 mm patent glandular trichomes; leaf blade (4.2-)6.2-11.5 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = (0.81-)0.86-0.94, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments (5 or)7(or 9), rhombic, 2.2-7.5 mm wide at base, 10-30-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.15-0.48. Cymules solitary, 2-flowered; peduncle 1.3-12 cm. Pedicel 0.3-2.5 cm, with 0.2-0.4 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes and 0.4-1.2 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals (0.7-)1-1.2 cm, mucro (1.7-)2.2-3.9 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.16-0.39, outside with 0.2-0.9 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.3-1 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals bluish or sometimes purplish or white, (1.3-)1.5-1.9(-2.4) cm, erect to patent, both surfaces glabrous, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded. Staminal filaments pinkish, lanceolate with a broadly triangular base and an abruptly narrowed apex, both sides glabrous but proximal third with 0.2-0.6 mm cilia; anthers dark violet to bluish black, 1.8-3.1 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, abaxially glabrous, apex with a tuft of trichomes. Stigma green to pinkish. Fruit 3-3.7 cm, reflexed when immature; mericarps smooth but usually with 1 or 2 transversal veins at apex, with a basal callus, with 0.3-0.7 mm ± appressed nonglandular trichomes and usually only apically with 0.2-0.9 mm patent glandular trichomes; rostrum 2.1-2.9 cm, with a 7-9 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 2-3 mm. Seeds 3-3.6 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 28.
Meadows, subalpine meadows; 1400-4000 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shanxi, NW Sichuan, Xinjiang, E Xizang [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Europe].
Geranium pratense shares with species 34-36 staminal filaments with a broadly triangular base and an abruptly narrowed apex. The triangular base is as wide as long and should not be confused with slightly dilated bases of other Chinese species, which are distinctively longer than wide. Leaf blades of G. pratense are deeply divided with a deeper main and second sinus. The extreme leaf-divided forms have been segregated as G. affine or G. transbaicalicum. However, these plants can be found along the area of G. pratense intermixed with normal forms. Petal color is usually bluish but it can also be white or purplish. Petal color is not related to leaf division or other characters and seems to have little taxonomic importance. The variability of this species in the Himalayas should be studied more deeply.