野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum Linn.

别名：Carolina geranium;鹭嘴草;牵巴巴;露草;斗牛儿苗;福雀草;高山破铜钱;鬼蜡烛;鬼针子;草本;野番茄草;老鹳草;一颗针;卡罗林老鹳草;野老鹤草;太阳草;老鸦嘴;烫烫青;

科名：牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae

属名：老鹳草属 Geranium

种中文名：野老鹳草
种拉丁名：Geranium carolinianum Linn.
种别名  ：野老芒草
科中文名：牻牛儿苗科
科拉丁名：Geraniaceae
属中文名：老鹳草属
属拉丁名：Geranium
国内分布：分布于山东，安徽，江苏，浙江，江西，湖南，湖北，四川和云南。
国外分布：原产美洲
中国植物志：43(1):029
形态特征：一年生草本，高20-50厘米。根细，长达7厘米。茎直立或斜升，有倒向下的密柔毛，分枝。叶圆肾形，宽4-7厘米，长2-3厘米，下部的互生，上部的对生，5-7深裂，每裂又3-5裂;小裂片条形，锐尖头，两面有柔毛；下部茎叶有长柄，达10厘米，上部的柄短，等于或短于叶片。花成对集生于茎端或叶腋，花序柄短或几无柄；花柄长1-1.5厘米，有腺毛（腺体早落）；萼片宽卵形，有长白毛，在果期增大，长5-7毫米；花瓣淡红色，与萼片等长或略长。蒴果长约2厘米，顶端有长喙，成熟时裂开，5果瓣向上卷曲。
分    布：江苏、浙江、江西等
生    境：荒地、路边、杂草中
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：风湿病
药用主治：风湿病

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Geranium carolinianum  Linnaeus
野老鹳草   ye lao guan cao
Annuals. Stem 10-65(-70) cm tall, erect, not rooting at nodes, with abundant 0.2-1.1 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes and scattered 0.2-0.7 mm patent glandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate to subulate, distinct. Leaves 1-3 alternate but opposite at inflorescence; petiole with usually 0.2-1.1 mm patent nonglandular trichomes and scattered glandular trichomes; leaf blade 2.2-6.5 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.7-0.9, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments 5(or 7), rhombic, 2-5 mm wide at base, 5-12-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.27-0.31. Cymules in dense aggregates at apex of each branch or solitary in forks, 2(or 3)-flowered; peduncle 0-2.5(-6) cm. Pedicel 3-11 mm, with 0.2-0.7 mm patent or sometimes retrorse but not appressed nonglandular trichomes and 0.3-0.6 mm patent glandular trichomes; bracteoles lanceolate. Sepals 5-6.5 mm, mucro 1.5-2 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = ca. 0.3, outside with 0.1-0.6 mm antrorse to patent nonglandular trichomes and 0.2-0.5 mm patent glandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals white or pale purple, 5.5-6 mm, erect to patent, inside glabrous, margin basally ciliate, apex rounded or slightly notched. Staminal filaments whitish, lanceolate to lanceolate with an abruptly narrowed apex, abaxially sparsely pilose and basal half ciliate, trichomes 0.1-0.3 mm; anthers yellowish, 0.4-0.6 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma pinkish. Fruit 1.9-2.5 cm, erect when immature; mericarps smooth, with a basal callus, with 0.5-1.8 mm patent to antrorse nonglandular trichomes and sometimes 0.4-1 mm patent glandular trichomes; rostrum 1.5-1.9 cm, with a 1-2 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 0.7-1.4 mm. Seeds 2-2.2 mm. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 46-48, 52.
Plains, weedy areas; sea level to 800 m. Naturalized in Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan (Yanyuan), Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to North America].
This species has distinctive mericarps that are blackish when ripe and that have long patent trichomes. Presence of glandular trichomes is rather variable along plant. The whole plant is used in Chinese medicine for relieving rheumatic pains and colds.

This species is also a naturalized weed in South America, N Europe, and Japan.