大花龙胆Gentiana szechenyii Kanitz
大花龙胆Gentiana szechenyii Kanitz
28.大花龙胆（中国高等植物图鉴）邦见恩保（藏族名）图版11:5-7
Gentiana szechenyii Kanitz, Pl. Exped. Szechenyi in As. Centr. Coll. 40. 1891 et in Szechenyi, Wiss. Ergeb. Derrise in Ostasien Z: 717. t. 4, f. 2. 1891-1893; Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 267. 1898: H. Smith in Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 975. 1936, excl. syn. G. callistantha Diels et Gilg; Marq. in Kew Bulll. 1937: 161, 186. 1937; excl. syn. G. callistantha Diels et Gilg, H. Smith, ibid. 15(1): 50. 1961, excl. syn, G. callistantha Diels et Gilg; S. Nilsson in Grana Palyn. 7 (1): 101. 1967;中国高等植物图鉴3: 389. 图4731. 1974; 青藏高原药物图鉴2:146. 图74. 1978.——G. rosularis Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris ser. 8, 3: 148. 1891. ——G. georgei Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 5: 221. 1912 et 7: 194. 1912; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yunnan 113. 1916: Marq. in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 57: 199. 1932; D. Wilkie, Gentfans 69. f. 35, 36. 1936: Marq. l. c. 1937: 161. 1937: K. S. Hao in Bot. Jahrb. 68: 629. 1938. ——Gentianodes szechenyii (Kanitz) A. et D. Love in Bot. Not. 125: 258. 1972.
多年生草本，高5-7厘米，基部被枯存的膜质叶鞘包围。主根粗大，短缩，圆柱形，具多数略肉质的须根。花枝数个丛生，较短，斜升，黄绿色，光滑。叶常对折，先端渐尖，边缘白色软骨质，密被乳突，中脉白色软骨质，在两面均明显，并在下面突起，密被乳突，叶柄白色膜质，光滑；莲座丛叶发达，剑状披针形，长4-6厘米，宽0.3-1厘米；茎生叶少，密集，椭圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长1.5-3厘米，宽0.3-0.6厘米。花单生枝顶，基部包于上部叶丛中；无花梗；花萼筒白色膜质，有时上部带紫红色，倒锥状筒形，长1.2-1.7厘米，裂片稍不整齐，椭圆形，长7-17毫米，先端钝，具短小尖头，边缘白色软骨质，具乳突，中脉白色软骨质，在背面突起，光滑或具乳突，弯缺宽，截形；花冠上部蓝色或蓝紫色，下部黄白色，具蓝灰色宽条纹，筒状钟形，长4-6厘米，裂片卵圆形或宽卵形，长5-6毫米，先端钝圆，具短小尖头，全缘，褶整齐，卵形，长2.5-3毫米，先端钝，全缘；雄蕊着生于冠筒中部，整齐，花丝钻形，长15-17毫米，花药狭矩圆形，长4-5毫米；子房披针形，长1.2-1.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部钝，柄粗壮，长1.7-2厘米，花柱线形，长1-1.3厘米，柱头2裂，裂片钝三角形。蒴果内藏，狭椭圆形，长1.7-2厘米，先端渐尖，基部钝，柄粗壮，长至2.3厘米；种子深褐色，矩圆形，长1-1.2毫米，表面具浅蜂窝状网隙。花果期6-11月。
产西藏东南部、云南西北部、四川西部、青海南部。生于山坡草地，海拔3000-4800米。模式标本采自四川康定。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Gentiana szechenyii Kanitz
大花龙胆 da hua long dan
Gentiana callistantha Diels & Gilg; G. rosularis Fran-chet.
Perennials 5-7 cm tall. Taproot short, stout. Stems ascending, 2-3 cm, simple, glabrous; caudex sheathed by black membranous remnants of old petioles. Leaf blade sometimes folded, base slightly broadened, margin cartilaginous, apex acuminate, midvein scabrous. Basal rosette leaves well developed; petiole to 1 cm, membranous; leaf blade lanceolate to ensiform-lanceolate, 4-6 cm × 3-10 mm. Stem leaves 2-4 pairs, upper leaves 2 (or 3) pairs, surrounding calyx; petiole to 6 mm, membranous; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-triangular, 1.5-3 cm × 3-6 mm. Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile. Calyx tube obconic, 1.2-1.7 cm, membranous; lobes lanceolate to elliptic, 0.7-1.7 cm, unequal, margin and midvein cartilaginous and scabrous, apex acuminate to obtuse. Corolla white when fresh but pale yellow or pale blue when dry, with greenish spots and blue stripes, campanulate, 4-6 cm; lobes broadly ovate, 5-6 mm, margin entire, apex rounded and cuspidate; plicae ovate, 2.5-3 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube; filaments 1.5-1.7 cm; anthers narrowly ellipsoid, 4-5 mm. Style 1-1.3 cm; stigma lobes triangular. Capsules narrowly ellipsoid, 1.7-2 cm; gynophore to 2.3 cm. Seeds dark brown, ellipsoid, 1-1.2 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Nov.
* Alpine meadows; 3000-4800 m. S Gansu, Qinghai, W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan
Gentiana szechenyii is a very common and variable species. The calyx lobes show considerable variation. They are unequal and usually lanceolate to elliptic, but sometimes even on the same plant the calyx lobes can be elliptic, lanceolate, and toothlike. The corolla color has been described as blue or pale yellow, but in living plants is white with blue stripes and spots, and it changes color on drying.
别名：邦见恩保;粗根龙胆;
科名：龙胆科 Gentianaceae
属名：龙胆属 Gentiana
28.大花龙胆（中国高等植物图鉴）邦见恩保（藏族名）图版11:5-7
Gentiana szechenyii Kanitz, Pl. Exped. Szechenyi in As. Centr. Coll. 40. 1891 et in Szechenyi, Wiss. Ergeb. Derrise in Ostasien Z: 717. t. 4, f. 2. 1891-1893; Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 267. 1898: H. Smith in Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 975. 1936, excl. syn. G. callistantha Diels et Gilg; Marq. in Kew Bulll. 1937: 161, 186. 1937; excl. syn. G. callistantha Diels et Gilg, H. Smith, ibid. 15(1): 50. 1961, excl. syn, G. callistantha Diels et Gilg; S. Nilsson in Grana Palyn. 7 (1): 101. 1967;中国高等植物图鉴3: 389. 图4731. 1974; 青藏高原药物图鉴2:146. 图74. 1978.——G. rosularis Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris ser. 8, 3: 148. 1891. ——G. georgei Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 5: 221. 1912 et 7: 194. 1912; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yunnan 113. 1916: Marq. in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 57: 199. 1932; D. Wilkie, Gentfans 69. f. 35, 36. 1936: Marq. l. c. 1937: 161. 1937: K. S. Hao in Bot. Jahrb. 68: 629. 1938. ——Gentianodes szechenyii (Kanitz) A. et D. Love in Bot. Not. 125: 258. 1972.
多年生草本，高5-7厘米，基部被枯存的膜质叶鞘包围。主根粗大，短缩，圆柱形，具多数略肉质的须根。花枝数个丛生，较短，斜升，黄绿色，光滑。叶常对折，先端渐尖，边缘白色软骨质，密被乳突，中脉白色软骨质，在两面均明显，并在下面突起，密被乳突，叶柄白色膜质，光滑；莲座丛叶发达，剑状披针形，长4-6厘米，宽0.3-1厘米；茎生叶少，密集，椭圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长1.5-3厘米，宽0.3-0.6厘米。花单生枝顶，基部包于上部叶丛中；无花梗；花萼筒白色膜质，有时上部带紫红色，倒锥状筒形，长1.2-1.7厘米，裂片稍不整齐，椭圆形，长7-17毫米，先端钝，具短小尖头，边缘白色软骨质，具乳突，中脉白色软骨质，在背面突起，光滑或具乳突，弯缺宽，截形；花冠上部蓝色或蓝紫色，下部黄白色，具蓝灰色宽条纹，筒状钟形，长4-6厘米，裂片卵圆形或宽卵形，长5-6毫米，先端钝圆，具短小尖头，全缘，褶整齐，卵形，长2.5-3毫米，先端钝，全缘；雄蕊着生于冠筒中部，整齐，花丝钻形，长15-17毫米，花药狭矩圆形，长4-5毫米；子房披针形，长1.2-1.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部钝，柄粗壮，长1.7-2厘米，花柱线形，长1-1.3厘米，柱头2裂，裂片钝三角形。蒴果内藏，狭椭圆形，长1.7-2厘米，先端渐尖，基部钝，柄粗壮，长至2.3厘米；种子深褐色，矩圆形，长1-1.2毫米，表面具浅蜂窝状网隙。花果期6-11月。
产西藏东南部、云南西北部、四川西部、青海南部。生于山坡草地，海拔3000-4800米。模式标本采自四川康定。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Gentiana szechenyii Kanitz
大花龙胆 da hua long dan
Gentiana callistantha Diels & Gilg; G. rosularis Fran-chet.
Perennials 5-7 cm tall. Taproot short, stout. Stems ascending, 2-3 cm, simple, glabrous; caudex sheathed by black membranous remnants of old petioles. Leaf blade sometimes folded, base slightly broadened, margin cartilaginous, apex acuminate, midvein scabrous. Basal rosette leaves well developed; petiole to 1 cm, membranous; leaf blade lanceolate to ensiform-lanceolate, 4-6 cm × 3-10 mm. Stem leaves 2-4 pairs, upper leaves 2 (or 3) pairs, surrounding calyx; petiole to 6 mm, membranous; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-triangular, 1.5-3 cm × 3-6 mm. Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile. Calyx tube obconic, 1.2-1.7 cm, membranous; lobes lanceolate to elliptic, 0.7-1.7 cm, unequal, margin and midvein cartilaginous and scabrous, apex acuminate to obtuse. Corolla white when fresh but pale yellow or pale blue when dry, with greenish spots and blue stripes, campanulate, 4-6 cm; lobes broadly ovate, 5-6 mm, margin entire, apex rounded and cuspidate; plicae ovate, 2.5-3 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube; filaments 1.5-1.7 cm; anthers narrowly ellipsoid, 4-5 mm. Style 1-1.3 cm; stigma lobes triangular. Capsules narrowly ellipsoid, 1.7-2 cm; gynophore to 2.3 cm. Seeds dark brown, ellipsoid, 1-1.2 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Nov.
* Alpine meadows; 3000-4800 m. S Gansu, Qinghai, W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan
Gentiana szechenyii is a very common and variable species. The calyx lobes show considerable variation. They are unequal and usually lanceolate to elliptic, but sometimes even on the same plant the calyx lobes can be elliptic, lanceolate, and toothlike. The corolla color has been described as blue or pale yellow, but in living plants is white with blue stripes and spots, and it changes color on drying.