鳞叶龙胆Gentiana squarrosa Ledeb.
鳞叶龙胆Gentiana squarrosa Ledeb.
171. 鳞叶龙胆（中国北部植物图志）石龙胆（本草汇言），鳞片龙胆（东北植物检索表），岩龙胆、小龙胆 图版32：1-4
Gentiana squarrosa Ledeb. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 5: 520. 1812; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 285, 1829 et 3: 853. 1831; Griseb. in DC. Prodr. 9: 107. 1845; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 211. 1884 et 2: 100. 1888; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 135. 1890, p. p. min.; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 537. 1900; Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15:410. 1904: Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3 (1): 258. 1905; Levl. Fl. Kouy-tcheou 172. 1914-1915: Limpr. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12:467. 1922: S. J. Ethelbert Blatter, Beaut. Fl. Kashm. 2: 42. 1928;中国北部植物图志2: 35. 1933. excl. 图版13; 孔宪武、王作宾, 北平研究院植物学研究所丛刊2: 363. 1934; Marq. in Kew Bull. 1937: 170. 1937: Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 3. Append. 1: 359. 1939; Grossh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 18: 581. 1952; Ceмнотр. в Лавлов, ФЛ. Казах. 7: 102. 1964: 东北植物检索表285. 图版92. 图3. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴3: 395. 1974, excl. fig. et spec. Zhejiang, Jiangsu; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 1098. 1978; Makino, New Ill. Fl. Jap. 493.1979; 李昌福, 大韩植物图鉴624. 1979. ——Ericala squarrosa G. Don, Gen. Syst. Dichlam. Pl. 4: 191. 1838.
一年生草本，高2-8厘米。茎黄绿色或紫红色，密被黄绿色有时夹杂有紫色乳突，自基部起多分枝，枝铺散，斜升。叶先端钝圆或急尖，具短小尖头，基部渐狭，边缘厚软骨质，密生细乳突，两面光滑，中脉白色软骨质，在下面突起，密生细乳突，叶柄白色膜质，边缘具短睫毛，背面具细乳突，仅连合成长0.5-1毫米的短筒；基生叶大，在花期枯萎，宿存，卵形、卵圆形或卵状椭圆形，长6-10毫米，宽5-9毫米；茎生叶小，外反，密集或疏离，长于或短于节间，倒卵状匙形或匙形，长4-7毫米，宽1.7-3毫米。花多数，单生于小枝顶端；花梗黄绿色或紫红色，密被黄绿色乳突、有时夹杂有紫色乳突，长2-8毫米，藏于或大部分藏于最上部叶中；花萼倒锥状筒形，长5-8毫米，外面具细乳突，萼筒常具白色膜质和绿色叶质相间的宽条纹，裂片外反，绿色，叶状，整齐，卵圆形或卵形，长1.5-2毫米，先端钝圆或钝，具短小尖头，基部圆形，突然收缩成爪，边缘厚软骨质，密生细乳突，两面光滑，中脉白色厚软骨质，在下面突起，并向萼筒下延成短脊或否，密生细乳突，弯缺宽，截形；花冠蓝色，筒状漏斗形，长7-10毫米，裂片卵状三角形，长1.5-2毫米，先端钝，无小尖头，褶卵形，长1-1.2毫米，先端钝，全缘或边缘有细齿；雄蕊着生于冠筒中部，整齐，花丝丝状，长2-2.5毫米，花药矩圆形，长0.7-1毫米；子房宽椭圆形，长2-3.5毫米，先端钝圆，基部渐狭成柄，柄粗，长0.5-1毫米，花柱柱状，连柱头长1-1.5毫米，柱头2裂，外反，半圆形或宽矩圆形。蒴果外露，倒卵状矩圆形，长3.5-5.5毫米，先端圆形，有宽翅，两侧边缘有狭翅，基部渐狭成柄，柄粗壮，直立，长至8毫米；种子黑褐色，椭圆形或矩圆形，长0.8-1毫米，表面有白色光亮的细网纹。花果期4-9月。
产西南（除西藏）、西北、华北及东北等地区。生于山坡、山谷、山顶、干草原、河滩、荒地、路边、灌丛中及高山草甸，海拔110-4200米。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。锡金、苏联、蒙古、朝鲜、日本也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Gentiana squarrosa Ledebour
鳞叶龙胆 lin ye long dan
Annuals 2-8 cm tall. Stems ascending, branched throughout, densely papillate. Basal leaves withered at anthesis; petiole 1-2 mm, densely papillate; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ovate, or ovate-orbicular, 6-10 × 5-9 mm, base narrowed, margin thick cartilaginous and ciliolate, apex obtuse and cuspidate, midvein distinct. Stem leaves recurved; petiole tube 0.5-1 mm, papillate; leaf blade spatulate to obovate, 4-7 × 1.5-3 mm, shorter to longer than internodes, base narrowed, margin thick cartilaginous and densely ciliolate, apex rounded and mucronate, midvein distinct. Pedicel 2-8 mm, densely papillate. Calyx obconic, 5-8 mm, tube outside sometimes densely papillate; lobes recurved, ovate to ovate-orbicular, 1.5-2 mm, base narrowed, margin thick cartilaginous and densely ciliolate, apex acute, midvein prominent. Corolla blue, tubular to funnelform, 7-10 mm, scarcely exserted from calyx; lobes ovate, 1.5-2 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; plicae ovate, 1-1.2 mm, margin entire or denticulate, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube, equal; filaments 2-2.5 mm; anthers ellipsoid, 0.7-1 mm. Style 1-1.5 mm; stigma lobes broadly oblong or semiorbicular. Capsules narrowly obovoid to obovoid, 3.5-5.5 mm; gynophore to 8 mm, stout. Seeds dark brown, ellipsoid, 0.8-1 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr-Sep.
River banks, roadsides, valleys, wastelands, steppes, scrub, alpine meadows; 100-4200 m. Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [NW India, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, E Russia].
别名：龙胆地丁;岩龙胆;细蛇药;希日棍－主力根－其木格;希日根-主力根-其木格;千线花;蓝花草;鬼点灯;紫花地丁;绿花草;兰桃花;小龙胆;石龙胆;黄瓜七;地黄连;高山龙胆;荷花还阳;鳞龙胆;岩梅花;菊花还阳;鳞片龙胆;
科名：龙胆科 Gentianaceae
属名：龙胆属 Gentiana
171. 鳞叶龙胆（中国北部植物图志）石龙胆（本草汇言），鳞片龙胆（东北植物检索表），岩龙胆、小龙胆 图版32：1-4
Gentiana squarrosa Ledeb. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 5: 520. 1812; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 285, 1829 et 3: 853. 1831; Griseb. in DC. Prodr. 9: 107. 1845; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 211. 1884 et 2: 100. 1888; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 135. 1890, p. p. min.; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 537. 1900; Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15:410. 1904: Kom. Fl. Mansh. 3 (1): 258. 1905; Levl. Fl. Kouy-tcheou 172. 1914-1915: Limpr. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12:467. 1922: S. J. Ethelbert Blatter, Beaut. Fl. Kashm. 2: 42. 1928;中国北部植物图志2: 35. 1933. excl. 图版13; 孔宪武、王作宾, 北平研究院植物学研究所丛刊2: 363. 1934; Marq. in Kew Bull. 1937: 170. 1937: Kitag. in Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manch. 3. Append. 1: 359. 1939; Grossh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 18: 581. 1952; Ceмнотр. в Лавлов, ФЛ. Казах. 7: 102. 1964: 东北植物检索表285. 图版92. 图3. 1959;中国高等植物图鉴3: 395. 1974, excl. fig. et spec. Zhejiang, Jiangsu; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 1098. 1978; Makino, New Ill. Fl. Jap. 493.1979; 李昌福, 大韩植物图鉴624. 1979. ——Ericala squarrosa G. Don, Gen. Syst. Dichlam. Pl. 4: 191. 1838.
一年生草本，高2-8厘米。茎黄绿色或紫红色，密被黄绿色有时夹杂有紫色乳突，自基部起多分枝，枝铺散，斜升。叶先端钝圆或急尖，具短小尖头，基部渐狭，边缘厚软骨质，密生细乳突，两面光滑，中脉白色软骨质，在下面突起，密生细乳突，叶柄白色膜质，边缘具短睫毛，背面具细乳突，仅连合成长0.5-1毫米的短筒；基生叶大，在花期枯萎，宿存，卵形、卵圆形或卵状椭圆形，长6-10毫米，宽5-9毫米；茎生叶小，外反，密集或疏离，长于或短于节间，倒卵状匙形或匙形，长4-7毫米，宽1.7-3毫米。花多数，单生于小枝顶端；花梗黄绿色或紫红色，密被黄绿色乳突、有时夹杂有紫色乳突，长2-8毫米，藏于或大部分藏于最上部叶中；花萼倒锥状筒形，长5-8毫米，外面具细乳突，萼筒常具白色膜质和绿色叶质相间的宽条纹，裂片外反，绿色，叶状，整齐，卵圆形或卵形，长1.5-2毫米，先端钝圆或钝，具短小尖头，基部圆形，突然收缩成爪，边缘厚软骨质，密生细乳突，两面光滑，中脉白色厚软骨质，在下面突起，并向萼筒下延成短脊或否，密生细乳突，弯缺宽，截形；花冠蓝色，筒状漏斗形，长7-10毫米，裂片卵状三角形，长1.5-2毫米，先端钝，无小尖头，褶卵形，长1-1.2毫米，先端钝，全缘或边缘有细齿；雄蕊着生于冠筒中部，整齐，花丝丝状，长2-2.5毫米，花药矩圆形，长0.7-1毫米；子房宽椭圆形，长2-3.5毫米，先端钝圆，基部渐狭成柄，柄粗，长0.5-1毫米，花柱柱状，连柱头长1-1.5毫米，柱头2裂，外反，半圆形或宽矩圆形。蒴果外露，倒卵状矩圆形，长3.5-5.5毫米，先端圆形，有宽翅，两侧边缘有狭翅，基部渐狭成柄，柄粗壮，直立，长至8毫米；种子黑褐色，椭圆形或矩圆形，长0.8-1毫米，表面有白色光亮的细网纹。花果期4-9月。
产西南（除西藏）、西北、华北及东北等地区。生于山坡、山谷、山顶、干草原、河滩、荒地、路边、灌丛中及高山草甸，海拔110-4200米。模式标本采自苏联西伯利亚。锡金、苏联、蒙古、朝鲜、日本也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Gentiana squarrosa Ledebour
鳞叶龙胆 lin ye long dan
Annuals 2-8 cm tall. Stems ascending, branched throughout, densely papillate. Basal leaves withered at anthesis; petiole 1-2 mm, densely papillate; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, ovate, or ovate-orbicular, 6-10 × 5-9 mm, base narrowed, margin thick cartilaginous and ciliolate, apex obtuse and cuspidate, midvein distinct. Stem leaves recurved; petiole tube 0.5-1 mm, papillate; leaf blade spatulate to obovate, 4-7 × 1.5-3 mm, shorter to longer than internodes, base narrowed, margin thick cartilaginous and densely ciliolate, apex rounded and mucronate, midvein distinct. Pedicel 2-8 mm, densely papillate. Calyx obconic, 5-8 mm, tube outside sometimes densely papillate; lobes recurved, ovate to ovate-orbicular, 1.5-2 mm, base narrowed, margin thick cartilaginous and densely ciliolate, apex acute, midvein prominent. Corolla blue, tubular to funnelform, 7-10 mm, scarcely exserted from calyx; lobes ovate, 1.5-2 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; plicae ovate, 1-1.2 mm, margin entire or denticulate, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube, equal; filaments 2-2.5 mm; anthers ellipsoid, 0.7-1 mm. Style 1-1.5 mm; stigma lobes broadly oblong or semiorbicular. Capsules narrowly obovoid to obovoid, 3.5-5.5 mm; gynophore to 8 mm, stout. Seeds dark brown, ellipsoid, 0.8-1 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr-Sep.
River banks, roadsides, valleys, wastelands, steppes, scrub, alpine meadows; 100-4200 m. Hebei, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [NW India, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, E Russia].