叶萼龙胆Gentiana phyllocalyx C. B. Clarke
叶萼龙胆Gentiana phyllocalyx C. B. Clarke
93. 叶萼龙胆 图版21: 7-9
Gentiana phyllocalyx C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 116. 1883; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn Soc. Bot. 26: 131. 1890; Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 288. 1898: Forrest in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 4: 74. 1907: W. W. Smith et G. H. Cave in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 4: 223. 1911; Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 195. 1912; Levl. Cat, Pl. Yunnan 114. 1916; Marq. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 48: 205. 1929; H. Smith in Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 978. 1936: D. Wilkie, Gentians 100. f. 55. 1936: Marq. in Kew Bull. 1937: 185. 1937: C. E. C. Fisch. ibid. 1940: 269. 1941; S. Nilsson in Grana Palyn, 7(1): 101. 1967;中国高等植物图鉴3: 388. 图4729. 1974; Hara, Chater et Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 93. 1982.
多年生草本，高3-12厘米，具长根茎。须根少数，细瘦。枝稀疏丛生或单生，直立，黄绿色，光滑，基部被黑褐色枯老残叶。叶大部分基生，密集呈莲座状，茎生叶2-3对，全部叶倒卵形或倒卵圆形，长6-26毫米，宽4-16毫米，先端钝圆、微凹，基部渐狭，边缘平滑，叶脉1-3条，在两面均明显，中脉在下面突起。花单生枝顶，稀2-3朵簇生；无花梗；花萼小，完全藏于最上部1对茎生叶中，膜质，黄绿色，萼筒宽筒形，长3.5-4.5毫米，裂片小，不整齐，披针形或线状椭圆形，长3-4毫米，先端钝，边缘平滑，脉不明显，弯缺窄，楔形；花冠蓝色，有深蓝色条纹，筒状钟形，长3-4.7厘米，裂片卵形或卵圆形，长3-4毫米，先端钝圆，全缘或边缘啮蚀状，褶整齐，截形或凹形，边缘啮蚀形；雄蕊着生于冠筒下部，整齐，花丝线状钻形，长12-14毫米，花药线形，长2.5-5毫米；子房卵状披针形，长9-12毫米，先端渐尖，基部钝，柄长6-8毫米，花柱线形，长4-5毫米，柱头特别膨大，粘合成盘状，以后分离。蒴果外露或仅先端外露，狭卵状椭圆形，长2.3-2.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部钝，柄长至4.6厘米；种子扁平，褐色，近圆形，直径1.4-1.6毫米，表面具浅蜂窝网状隙，边缘具宽翅。花果期6-10月。
产西藏东南部、云南西北部。生于山坡草地、石砾山坡、灌丛中、岩石上，海拔3000-5200米。尼泊尔、锡金（模式标本产地）、不丹、缅甸北部也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Gentiana phyllocalyx C. B. Clarke
叶萼龙胆 ye e long dan
Perennials 3-12 cm tall. Roots few, slender. Stolons to 5 cm. Stems ascending to erect, simple, glabrous. Leaves crowded toward base of stem. Stem leaves 3-5 pairs, widely spaced; petiole 5-8 mm; leaf blade obovate, 0.6-2.6 × 0.4-1.6 cm, base decurrent into petiole, apex rounded and emarginate, veins 1-3. Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile. Calyx pale yellow-green; tube broadly tubular, 3.5-4.5 mm; lobes linear to lanceolate, 3-4 mm, subequal, apex obtuse, veins indistinct. Corolla blue, with dark blue stripes, broadly tubular to tubular-campanulate, 3-4.7 cm; lobes ovate to broadly ovate, 3-4 mm, margin entire or erose, apex obtuse; plicae horizontally truncate, margin erose. Stamens inserted at basal part of corolla tube; filaments 1.2-1.4 cm; anthers linear to ellipsoid, 2.5-5 mm. Style 4-5 mm, linear; stigma lobes suborbicular. Capsules ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.3-2.5 cm; gynophore to 4.6 cm. Seeds compressed, orbicular, 1.4-1.6 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct.
Grassland and rocky slopes, stony pastures, scrub; 3000-5200 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
别名：冈嘎琼;冈嘎琼曼巴;
科名：龙胆科 Gentianaceae
属名：龙胆属 Gentiana
93. 叶萼龙胆 图版21: 7-9
Gentiana phyllocalyx C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 116. 1883; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn Soc. Bot. 26: 131. 1890; Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 288. 1898: Forrest in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 4: 74. 1907: W. W. Smith et G. H. Cave in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 4: 223. 1911; Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 195. 1912; Levl. Cat, Pl. Yunnan 114. 1916; Marq. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 48: 205. 1929; H. Smith in Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 978. 1936: D. Wilkie, Gentians 100. f. 55. 1936: Marq. in Kew Bull. 1937: 185. 1937: C. E. C. Fisch. ibid. 1940: 269. 1941; S. Nilsson in Grana Palyn, 7(1): 101. 1967;中国高等植物图鉴3: 388. 图4729. 1974; Hara, Chater et Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 93. 1982.
多年生草本，高3-12厘米，具长根茎。须根少数，细瘦。枝稀疏丛生或单生，直立，黄绿色，光滑，基部被黑褐色枯老残叶。叶大部分基生，密集呈莲座状，茎生叶2-3对，全部叶倒卵形或倒卵圆形，长6-26毫米，宽4-16毫米，先端钝圆、微凹，基部渐狭，边缘平滑，叶脉1-3条，在两面均明显，中脉在下面突起。花单生枝顶，稀2-3朵簇生；无花梗；花萼小，完全藏于最上部1对茎生叶中，膜质，黄绿色，萼筒宽筒形，长3.5-4.5毫米，裂片小，不整齐，披针形或线状椭圆形，长3-4毫米，先端钝，边缘平滑，脉不明显，弯缺窄，楔形；花冠蓝色，有深蓝色条纹，筒状钟形，长3-4.7厘米，裂片卵形或卵圆形，长3-4毫米，先端钝圆，全缘或边缘啮蚀状，褶整齐，截形或凹形，边缘啮蚀形；雄蕊着生于冠筒下部，整齐，花丝线状钻形，长12-14毫米，花药线形，长2.5-5毫米；子房卵状披针形，长9-12毫米，先端渐尖，基部钝，柄长6-8毫米，花柱线形，长4-5毫米，柱头特别膨大，粘合成盘状，以后分离。蒴果外露或仅先端外露，狭卵状椭圆形，长2.3-2.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部钝，柄长至4.6厘米；种子扁平，褐色，近圆形，直径1.4-1.6毫米，表面具浅蜂窝网状隙，边缘具宽翅。花果期6-10月。
产西藏东南部、云南西北部。生于山坡草地、石砾山坡、灌丛中、岩石上，海拔3000-5200米。尼泊尔、锡金（模式标本产地）、不丹、缅甸北部也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Gentiana phyllocalyx C. B. Clarke
叶萼龙胆 ye e long dan
Perennials 3-12 cm tall. Roots few, slender. Stolons to 5 cm. Stems ascending to erect, simple, glabrous. Leaves crowded toward base of stem. Stem leaves 3-5 pairs, widely spaced; petiole 5-8 mm; leaf blade obovate, 0.6-2.6 × 0.4-1.6 cm, base decurrent into petiole, apex rounded and emarginate, veins 1-3. Flowers terminal, solitary, sessile. Calyx pale yellow-green; tube broadly tubular, 3.5-4.5 mm; lobes linear to lanceolate, 3-4 mm, subequal, apex obtuse, veins indistinct. Corolla blue, with dark blue stripes, broadly tubular to tubular-campanulate, 3-4.7 cm; lobes ovate to broadly ovate, 3-4 mm, margin entire or erose, apex obtuse; plicae horizontally truncate, margin erose. Stamens inserted at basal part of corolla tube; filaments 1.2-1.4 cm; anthers linear to ellipsoid, 2.5-5 mm. Style 4-5 mm, linear; stigma lobes suborbicular. Capsules ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.3-2.5 cm; gynophore to 4.6 cm. Seeds compressed, orbicular, 1.4-1.6 mm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct.
Grassland and rocky slopes, stony pastures, scrub; 3000-5200 m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, India, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].