栏目

小齿龙胆Gentiana microdonta Franch. ex Hemsl.

小齿龙胆Gentiana microdonta Franch. ex Hemsl.

别名:微齿龙胆;

科名:龙胆科 Gentianaceae

属名:龙胆属 Gentiana

《中国植物志》第62卷117页
  68. 小齿龙胆(中国高等植物图鉴)图版18:4-6
  Gentiana microdonta Franch. ex Hemsl. in Journ Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 130. 1890, p. p. quoad Delavay s. n. ; Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 272. 1898, p. p. quoad spec. Tali; Forrest in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 4: 73. 1907: Diels, ibid. 7: 195. 1912; Levl. Cat. Pl. Yunnan 114. 1916; D. Wilkie, Gentians 89. f. 44. 1936: H. Smith in Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 976. 1936; Marq. in Kew Bull. 1937: 162. 1937, excl, syn. G. phyllopoda Levl.;中国高等植物图鉴3: 389. 图4732. 1974; L. A. Lauen. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 37 (1): 137. 1978-1979, pro syn, G. phyllopoda Levl. ——G. trichotoma var. albescens Marq. l. c. 1928: 59. 1928. syn. nov. ——Gentianodes microdonta (Franch. ) A. et D. Love in Bot. Not. 125: 257. 1972.
  多年生草本,高25-35厘米,基部被黑褐色枯老膜质叶鞘包围。枝2-4个丛生,其中有1-3个营养枝和1个花枝;花枝直立,常带紫红色,中空,近圆形,密被乳突。叶大部分基生,卵状椭圆形或狭椭圆形,长2.5-3.5厘米,宽0.8-1.8厘米,两端钝,叶脉1-3条,在下面稍突起,叶柄膜质,长2-2.5厘米;茎生叶倒卵状矩圆形,椭圆形或线状椭圆形,长2-4厘米,宽0.4-1.5厘米,先端钝至渐尖,基部渐狭,叶脉1-3条,在下面稍突起,叶柄长0.5-1.5厘米,愈向茎上部叶愈小,柄愈短。花多数,顶生和腋生,组成圆锥状聚伞花序;总花梗长至4.5厘米;小花梗常带紫色,极不等长,长0.5-2.5厘米,密被乳突;花萼常带紫红色,狭倒锥形至筒形,长7-10毫米,萼筒草质,一侧开裂成佛焰苞状,萼齿小,直立,不整齐,狭三角形或钻形,长0.5-1.5毫米,弯缺圆形;花冠深蓝色,无条纹和斑点,筒状漏斗形,长2.2-2.5(3.2)厘米,裂片卵形,长3-4毫米,先端钝,全缘,褶偏斜,截形或三角形,长1.5-2毫米,先端钝,边缘有不整齐细齿;雄蕊着生于冠筒中部,花丝丝状钻形,长7-11毫米,花药矩圆形,长2-2.5毫米;子房线状椭圆形,长8-10毫米,两端渐狭,柄粗,长5-8毫米,花柱粗而短,长2-2.5毫米,柱头2裂,裂片半圆形。蒴果内藏,椭圆状披针形,长10-12毫米,两端钝,柄长8-10毫米;种于黄褐色,有光泽,矩圆形或近圆形,长1-1.2毫米,表面具海绵状网隙。花果期7-11月。
  产云南西北部、四川西南部。生于林下、高山草甸,海拔2600-4200米。模式标本采自云南大理。
  Hernsley (1890)曾依据云南大理(Delavay无号)及四川峨眉山(Faber 46)的标本发表了G. microdonta Franch. ex Hemsl.。但两地的标本却全然不同,前者茎密被乳突,花较小,长2.2-2.5厘米,有小花梗及总花梗,组成圆锥状聚伞花序,而后者茎光滑,花较大,长3.5-4厘米,无花梗,顶生和腋生,组成轮伞花序,两者应为独立的种。根据国际植物命名法规确立模式的准则,我们选择了与原描述符合的云南大理的标本作为选模式标本,而峨眉山的标本另立新种 G. omeiensis.T. N. Ho.另外,观察了G. trichotoma var. albescens Marq. 同号模式标本Schneider 3592; 与本种完全一致,只是花冠已经退色,但整个花冠裂片的边缘仍能显示清楚的蓝色来,故也应当是本种。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Gentiana microdonta  Franchet
小齿龙胆   xiao chi long dan
Gentiana trichotoma Kusnezow var. albescens C. Marquand.
Perennials 25-35 cm tall. Rhizomes to 15 cm. Stems 1 or 2, erect, simple, densely papillate. Basal leaves in 1 or more erect rosettes; petiole 2-2.5 cm, membranous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblong, 2.5-3.5 × 0.8-1.8 cm, base narrowed, apex obtuse, veins 1-3. Stem leaves 3 or 4 pairs; petiole 0.5-1.5 cm, shorter to absent toward apex; leaf blade oblong, oblanceolate, or elliptic, 2-4 × 0.4-1.5 cm, base narrowed, apex obtuse to rounded, veins 1-3. Cymes axillary or terminal, forming a narrow panicle, cymes sometimes on pedunclelike branches; peduncles to 4.5 cm. Pedicel 0.5-2.5 cm, densely papillate. Calyx narrowly obconic, 7-10 mm; tube spathelike, split on 1 side; lobes erect, subulate, 1-1.5 mm. Corolla dark blue, unspotted, narrowly funnelform, 2.2-2.5(-3.2) cm; lobes ovate, 3-4 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; plicae triangular to obliquely truncate, 1.5-2 mm, margin denticulate, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube; filaments 7-11 mm; anthers ellipsoid, 2-2.5 mm. Style 2-2.5 mm; stigma lobes semiorbicular. Capsules ovoid-ellipsoid, 1-1.2 cm; gynophore 8-10 mm. Seeds light brown, ellipsoid to subglobose, 1-1.2 mm. Fl. and fr. Jul-Nov.
* Alpine meadows, forests; 2600-4200 m. NW Yunnan
The two syntypes of Gentiana microdonta belong to different taxa. The lectotype, Delavay s.n. from Dali, Yunnan, corresponds to the original description, whereas Faber 46 from Emei Shan (Sichuan) belongs to G. omeiensis.

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