蓝白龙胆Gentiana leucomelaena Maxim.
蓝白龙胆Gentiana leucomelaena Maxim.
189. 蓝白龙胆（中国高等植物图鉴）图版35: 1-3
Gentiana leucomelaena Maxim. in Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 13: 175. 1891 et in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. -Petersb. 34: 505. f. 5-10. 1892; Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 376. 1904; Limpr. in Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 466. 1922; Marq. in Kew Bull. 1937: 173, 189. 1937; H. Smith in Bot. Not. 297. 1938; Grossh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 18: 578. 1952; Иконн. МуанкунанДай, Раст. ПомИр 199. 1963;семИотр в Павлов Fl. Казх 7: 106. 1964;中国高等植物图鉴3: 396, 图4746, 1974; Hara, Chater et Williams, Enum. Fl. P. Nepal 3: 92. 1982.——G. humilis van. evolutior C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 111. 1883. ——G. leucomelaena var. alba Kusnez. Subgen. Eugentiana 235. 1894 et in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 377. 1904. ——G. aquatica auct. non L. : C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 434. 1875, p. p. et in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 110. 1883, p. p.——G. humilis auct. non Stev.: C. B. Clarke, l. c. 14: 435. 1875 et l. c. 4: 111. 1883. ——G. prostrata auct. non Haenke C. B. Clarke, l. c. 14: 434. 1875.
一年生草本，高1.5-5厘米。茎黄绿色，光滑，在基部多分枝，枝铺散，斜升。基生叶稍大，卵圆形或卵状椭圆形，长5-8毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端钝圆，边缘有不明显的膜质，平滑，两面光滑，叶脉不明显，或具1-3条细脉，叶柄宽，光滑，长1-2毫米；茎生叶小，疏离，短于或长于节间，椭圆形至椭圆状披针形，稀下部叶为卵形或匙形，长3-9毫米，宽0.7-2毫米，先端钝圆至钝，边缘光滑，膜质，狭窄或不明显，叶柄光滑，连合成长1.5-3毫米的筒，愈向茎上部筒愈长。花数朵，单生于小枝顶端；花梗黄绿色，光滑，长4-40毫米，藏于最上部一对叶中或裸露，花萼钟形，长4-5毫米，裂片三角形，长1.5-2毫米，先端钝，边缘膜质，狭窄，光滑，中脉细，明显或否，弯缺狭窄，截形；花冠白色或淡蓝色，稀蓝色，外面具蓝灰色宽条纹，喉部具蓝色斑点，钟形，长8-13毫米，裂片卵形，长2.5-3毫米，先端钝，褶矩圆形，长1.2-1.5毫米，先端截形，具不整齐条裂；雄蕊着生于冠筒下部，整齐，花丝丝状锥形，长2.5-3.5毫米，花药矩圆形，长0.7-1毫米；子房椭圆形，长3-3.5毫米，先端钝，基部渐狭，柄长1.5-2毫米，花柱短而粗，圆柱形，长0.5-0.7毫米，柱头2裂，裂片矩圆形。蒴果外露或仅先端外露，倒卵圆形，长3.5-5毫米，先端圆形，具宽翅，两侧边缘具狭翅，基部渐狭，柄长至19毫米；种子褐色，宽椭圆形或椭圆形，长0.6-0.8毫米，表面具光亮的念珠状网纹。花果期5-10月。
产西藏、四川、青海、甘肃、新疆。生于沼泽化草甸、沼泽地、湿草地、河滩草地、山坡草地，山坡灌丛中及高山草甸，海拔1940-5000米。模式标本采自青海祁连山。印度、尼泊尔、苏联、蒙古也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Gentiana leucomelaena Maximowicz ex Kusnezow
蓝白龙胆 lan bai long dan
Gentiana humilis Steven var. evolutior C. B. Clarke; G. leucomelaena var. alba Kusnezow; G. leucomelaena var. pusilla Krylov.
Annuals 2-10 cm tall. Stems prostrate to ascending, branched from base, glabrous. Basal leaves withered at anthesis; petiole 1-2 mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to ovate-orbicular, 5-8 × 2-3 mm, margin indistinctly membranous, apex obtuse to rounded; veins 1-3, indistinct. Stem leaves 3-5 pairs; petiole tube 1.5-3 mm; leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic, rarely basally spatulate to ovate, 3-9 × 0.7-2 mm, usually shorter than internodes, margin narrowly and indistinctly membranous, apex acuminate to obtuse, midvein abaxially distinct. Flowers few. Pedicel 0.4-4 cm, glabrous. Calyx campanulate, 4-5 mm; lobes triangular, 1.5-2 mm, margin narrowly membranous, apex acute, midvein indistinct. Corolla pale blue, rarely white, with blue-gray stripes, with dark blue spots in throat, campanulate, 0.8-1.3 cm; lobes ovate, 2.5-3 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; plicae oblong, 1.2-1.5 mm, margin irregularly laciniate, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted at basal part of corolla tube, equal; filaments 2.5-3.5 mm; anthers ellipsoid, 0.7-1 mm. Style 0.5-0.7 mm; stigma lobes oblong. Capsules obovoid, 3.5-5 mm; gynophore to 2 cm, stout. Seeds broadly dark brown, ellipsoid, 0.6-0.8 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Along streams, bog meadows, meadows, alpine meadows, scrub; 1900-5000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, N Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sikkim, Tajikistan]
The widespread Gentiana leucomelaena is similar to the much more narrowly distributed G. aperta. Although T. N. Ho treats them as distinct species, J. S. Pringle considers G. leucomelaena as a sy-nonym of G. aperta.
科名：龙胆科 Gentianaceae
属名：龙胆属 Gentiana
189. 蓝白龙胆（中国高等植物图鉴）图版35: 1-3
Gentiana leucomelaena Maxim. in Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 13: 175. 1891 et in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. -Petersb. 34: 505. f. 5-10. 1892; Kusnez. in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 376. 1904; Limpr. in Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 466. 1922; Marq. in Kew Bull. 1937: 173, 189. 1937; H. Smith in Bot. Not. 297. 1938; Grossh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 18: 578. 1952; Иконн. МуанкунанДай, Раст. ПомИр 199. 1963;семИотр в Павлов Fl. Казх 7: 106. 1964;中国高等植物图鉴3: 396, 图4746, 1974; Hara, Chater et Williams, Enum. Fl. P. Nepal 3: 92. 1982.——G. humilis van. evolutior C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 111. 1883. ——G. leucomelaena var. alba Kusnez. Subgen. Eugentiana 235. 1894 et in Acta Hort. Petrop. 15: 377. 1904. ——G. aquatica auct. non L. : C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 434. 1875, p. p. et in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 110. 1883, p. p.——G. humilis auct. non Stev.: C. B. Clarke, l. c. 14: 435. 1875 et l. c. 4: 111. 1883. ——G. prostrata auct. non Haenke C. B. Clarke, l. c. 14: 434. 1875.
一年生草本，高1.5-5厘米。茎黄绿色，光滑，在基部多分枝，枝铺散，斜升。基生叶稍大，卵圆形或卵状椭圆形，长5-8毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端钝圆，边缘有不明显的膜质，平滑，两面光滑，叶脉不明显，或具1-3条细脉，叶柄宽，光滑，长1-2毫米；茎生叶小，疏离，短于或长于节间，椭圆形至椭圆状披针形，稀下部叶为卵形或匙形，长3-9毫米，宽0.7-2毫米，先端钝圆至钝，边缘光滑，膜质，狭窄或不明显，叶柄光滑，连合成长1.5-3毫米的筒，愈向茎上部筒愈长。花数朵，单生于小枝顶端；花梗黄绿色，光滑，长4-40毫米，藏于最上部一对叶中或裸露，花萼钟形，长4-5毫米，裂片三角形，长1.5-2毫米，先端钝，边缘膜质，狭窄，光滑，中脉细，明显或否，弯缺狭窄，截形；花冠白色或淡蓝色，稀蓝色，外面具蓝灰色宽条纹，喉部具蓝色斑点，钟形，长8-13毫米，裂片卵形，长2.5-3毫米，先端钝，褶矩圆形，长1.2-1.5毫米，先端截形，具不整齐条裂；雄蕊着生于冠筒下部，整齐，花丝丝状锥形，长2.5-3.5毫米，花药矩圆形，长0.7-1毫米；子房椭圆形，长3-3.5毫米，先端钝，基部渐狭，柄长1.5-2毫米，花柱短而粗，圆柱形，长0.5-0.7毫米，柱头2裂，裂片矩圆形。蒴果外露或仅先端外露，倒卵圆形，长3.5-5毫米，先端圆形，具宽翅，两侧边缘具狭翅，基部渐狭，柄长至19毫米；种子褐色，宽椭圆形或椭圆形，长0.6-0.8毫米，表面具光亮的念珠状网纹。花果期5-10月。
产西藏、四川、青海、甘肃、新疆。生于沼泽化草甸、沼泽地、湿草地、河滩草地、山坡草地，山坡灌丛中及高山草甸，海拔1940-5000米。模式标本采自青海祁连山。印度、尼泊尔、苏联、蒙古也有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Gentiana leucomelaena Maximowicz ex Kusnezow
蓝白龙胆 lan bai long dan
Gentiana humilis Steven var. evolutior C. B. Clarke; G. leucomelaena var. alba Kusnezow; G. leucomelaena var. pusilla Krylov.
Annuals 2-10 cm tall. Stems prostrate to ascending, branched from base, glabrous. Basal leaves withered at anthesis; petiole 1-2 mm; leaf blade ovate-elliptic to ovate-orbicular, 5-8 × 2-3 mm, margin indistinctly membranous, apex obtuse to rounded; veins 1-3, indistinct. Stem leaves 3-5 pairs; petiole tube 1.5-3 mm; leaf blade lanceolate to elliptic, rarely basally spatulate to ovate, 3-9 × 0.7-2 mm, usually shorter than internodes, margin narrowly and indistinctly membranous, apex acuminate to obtuse, midvein abaxially distinct. Flowers few. Pedicel 0.4-4 cm, glabrous. Calyx campanulate, 4-5 mm; lobes triangular, 1.5-2 mm, margin narrowly membranous, apex acute, midvein indistinct. Corolla pale blue, rarely white, with blue-gray stripes, with dark blue spots in throat, campanulate, 0.8-1.3 cm; lobes ovate, 2.5-3 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; plicae oblong, 1.2-1.5 mm, margin irregularly laciniate, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted at basal part of corolla tube, equal; filaments 2.5-3.5 mm; anthers ellipsoid, 0.7-1 mm. Style 0.5-0.7 mm; stigma lobes oblong. Capsules obovoid, 3.5-5 mm; gynophore to 2 cm, stout. Seeds broadly dark brown, ellipsoid, 0.6-0.8 mm. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Along streams, bog meadows, meadows, alpine meadows, scrub; 1900-5000 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, N Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sikkim, Tajikistan]
The widespread Gentiana leucomelaena is similar to the much more narrowly distributed G. aperta. Although T. N. Ho treats them as distinct species, J. S. Pringle considers G. leucomelaena as a sy-nonym of G. aperta.