青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunberg) Oersted

别名：橡子;白楮;[斗]笠青;(竹/斗)笠;大叶青刚;铁栗木;青柴铁栗子;柞子;白槠;槠;花梢树;细叶椆;紫心木;椆;楮木;青柴;大叶青冈;猴櫕子;花哨树;加胶;加曾;九櫕;石榉;楮仔;咪中;铁槠;大叶橡;九欑;青刚栎;青栎柴;校欑;竹/斗;小叶椆;青冈楝;九槽;白校讚;精;青岗栎;铁栎;铁椆;铁稠;铁栗子;细叶桐;铁楮;青冈栎;铁椆栎;铁白杜;四季青;青栲;石头楮;石虎;青刚;铁青冈;

科名：壳斗科 Fagaceae

属名：青冈属 Cyclobalanopsis

《中国植物志》第22卷315页
  56. 青冈 青冈栎（中国树木分类学），铁椆（中国高等植物图鉴）图版98: 1
  Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst. in Vid. Medd. Nat. For. Kjoeb. 18: 70. 1866; Schott. in Bot. Jahrb. 47: 655. 1912; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 101. 1963; Y. C. Hsu et H. W. Jen in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 14(2): 78. 1976; 云南植物志2: 322.图100, 6-9. 1979;江苏植物志, 下册: 44.图790. 1982; 福建植物志1: 408. 1982; 贵州植物志1: 109. 1982; 西藏植物志1: 499.图158, 19-21. 1983;中国树木志2: 2311. 1985. ——Quercus glauca Thunb. Fl. Jap. 175. 1784; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 226. 1916; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学203.图142. 1937;中国高等植物图鉴1: 439.图878. 1972; 河南植物志1: 256.图315. 1981. ——Q. glauca subsp. euglauca A. Camus, Chenes 1: 282. 1936-38, Atlas 1. Pl. 19. f. 1-20. 1934. ——Q. glauca Thunb. var. kuyuensis Liao, in Mem. Coll. Agr. Taiwan Uni. 11(2): 37. 1970. ——Q. sasakii Kanehira in Icon. Pl. Form. 6: 64. 1916. ——Q. longipes Hu in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(2): 147. 1951.
  常绿乔木，高达20米，胸径可达1米。小枝无毛。叶片革质，倒卵状椭圆形或长椭圆形，长6-13厘米，宽2-5.5厘米，顶端渐尖或短尾状，基部圆形或宽楔形，叶缘中部以上有疏锯齿，侧脉每边9-13条，叶背支脉明显，叶面无毛，叶背有整齐平伏白色单毛，老时渐脱落，常有白色鳞秕；叶柄长1-3厘米。雄花序长5-6厘米，花序轴被苍色绒毛。果序长1.5-3厘米，着生果2-3个。壳斗碗形，包着坚果1/3-1/2，直径0.9-1.4厘米，高0.6-0.8厘米，被薄毛；小苞片合生成5-6条同心环带，环带全缘或有细缺刻，排列紧密。坚果卵形、长卵形或椭圆形，直径0.9-1.4厘米，高1-1.6厘米，无毛或被薄毛，果脐平坦或微凸起。花期4-5月，果期10月。
  产陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏等省区。生于海拔60-2 600 米的山坡或沟谷，组成常绿阔叶林或常绿阔叶与落叶，阔叶混交林。本种是本属在我国分布最广的树种之一。朝鲜、日本、印度也有分布。
  木材坚韧，可供桩柱、车船、工具柄等用材；种子含淀粉60-70％，可作饲料、酿酒、树皮含鞣质16％，壳斗含鞣质10％-15％，可制栲胶。
  本种变异大，类型多，种下等级名称已有数个，因未见模式标本暂不讨论。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Cyclobalanopsis glauca  (Thunberg) Oersted
青冈   qing gang
Quercus glauca Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 858. 1784; Cyclobalanopsis glauca var. kuyuensis (J. C. Liao) J. C. Liao; C. repandifolia (J. C. Liao) J. C. Liao; Q. glauca var. kuyuensis J. C. Liao; Q. longipes Hu; Q. repandifolia J. C. Liao; Q. sasakii Kanehira; Q. vaniotii H. Léveillé.
Trees to 20 m tall. Branchlets glabrous. Petiole 1-3 cm; leaf blade obovate to oblong-elliptic, 6-13 × 2-5.5 cm, often wider apically from middle, leathery, abaxially often becoming pruinous and with prostrate white simple or scalelike hairs but glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin apical 1/2 remotely serrate, apex acuminate to somewhat caudate; secondary veins 9-13 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins abaxially inconspicuous. Infructescences 1.5-3 cm, with 2 or 3 fruit. Cupule bowl-shaped, 6-8 mm × 0.9-1.4 cm, enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut, outside white puberulent or glabrous, inside white sericeous; bracts in 5 or 6 rings, crowded, margin entire or denticulate. Nut ovoid, oblong-ovoid, or ellipsoid, 1-1.6 × 0.9-1.4 cm, glabrous or rarely hairy; scar ca. 5 mm in diam., flat or slightly convex. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests and mixed mesophytic forests on mountain slopes or in valleys; below 100-2600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, N India, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam]
Cyclobalanopsis glauca is part of a widespread complex, with a number of segregate species of uncertain status having been named. Additional studies are needed to clarify the relationships and specific limits within this complex. The status of C. globosa Lin & Liu (Bull. Taiwan For. Res. Inst. 110: 27. 1965), from Taiwan, is uncertain. It is very close to C. glauca and is probably not sufficiently distinct to be recognized as a separate species.