甜槠Castanopsis eyrei (Champ. ex Benth.) Tutch.

别名：槠柴;赤栎;甜槠锥;稠;圆槠;野粒大;槠树;小黄橼;栲槠;锥子;酸椽槠;曹槠;白丝栗;椆;乌芋;栲树;小叶苦槠;框树;茅丝栗;青树栎;水锥栲;水锥栗;反刺苦槠;甜椎;乌栎;水椎栗;埃氏栲;大锥栲;反刺椎栗;柑槠栲;淋漓柯;水栗;反刺槠;甜槠树;甜锥栲;乌椽;尾叶水锥栲;甜楮栲;小叶槠;细叶栲槠;丝栗;石栗子;甜槠栲;甜栲;槠栲;甜锥;

科名：壳斗科 Fagaceae

属名：锥属 Castanopsis

《中国植物志》第22卷053页
  37. 甜槠 茅丝栗（浙江），丝栗（湖南），甜锥（福建），反刺槠（台湾木本植物志），小黄橼、锥子（广西），曹槠，槠柴，酸椽槠 图版13: 5-9
  Castanopsis eyrei (Champ.) Tutch. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37: 68. 1905; Dunn et Tutch. in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. 10: 254. 1912; A. Camus, Chataig. 474. 1929; Chun in Sunyatsenia 1: 217, t. 35. 1934, pro parte, excl. syn. Q. castano psis Levl. ; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 17: 69. 1936, excl. syn. C. neocavaleriei A. Camus; 中国高等植物图鉴 1: 419. 图 838, 1972; 台湾植物志2: 57. pl. 209. 1976; Lauener in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 41: 167. 1983; Liu, Trees Taiwan 344. 1988. ——Quercus eyrei Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 114. 1854; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 320. 1861; A. DC. Prodr.16(2): 105. 1864. ——Pasania eyrei (Champ.) Oerst. in Vid. Selak Sk. 5(9): 379. 1873. ——Lithocar pus eyrei (Champ.) Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 1: 125. 1919.——Castanopsis caudate Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris ser. 2, 7: 87. 1884 et in Journ. de Bot. 13: 196. 1899; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 201. 1916; A. Camus, Chataig. 475. 1929, Atlas pl. 71, f. 1-7. 1928; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 28. 1929.——C. eyrei var. caudata (Franch.) Cheng树木学1: 377. 1961, nom. nud. ——Q. trinervis Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 12: 364. 1913; A. Camus, Chataig. Texte 400. 1929. ——Q. trinervis Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 12: 364. 1913; A. Camus, Chataig. Texte 400. 1929. ——Q. cepifera Levl. in l. c. 12: 364. 1913, quoad specim. fol. et fl. ; A. Camus, Chenes 3: 1154. 1954.——C. asymetrica Levl. Fl. Kouy Tcheou 125. 1914; A. Camus, Chataig. 472. 1929, Atlas pl. 72, f. 19. 1928. ——C. Brachyacantha Hayata, Ic. Pl. Form. 3: 188. 1913. ——L. brachyacantha (Hayata) Koidz. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 44: 405. 1930. ——Shiia brachyacantha (Hayata) Kudo ＆ Masamune in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 44: 405. 1930.——C. chingii A. Camus in Bull. Mus. Paris 2 ser. 1: 165. 1929 et Chataig. 344. 1929, Atlas pl. 70, f. 8-9. 1928. ——C. incana A. Camus in Bull. Mus. Paris 2 ser. 1: 165. 1929 et Chataig 312. 1929, Atlas pl. 71, t. 8-16 1928. ——Synaedrys brachyacantha (Hayata) Koidz. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 30: 186. 1916. ——C. eyrei (Champ. ex Benth.) Hutch. var. brachyacantha (Hayata) Shen ex Ying, Col. Illustr. Fl. Taiwan Intr. Pl. 3: 299. 1988.
  乔木，高达20米，胸径50厘米，大树的树皮纵深裂，厚达1厘米，块状剥落，小枝有皮孔甚多，枝、叶均无毛。叶革质，卵形，披针形或长椭圆形，长5-13厘米，宽1.55.5厘米，顶部长渐尖，常向一侧弯斜，基部一侧较短或甚偏斜，且稍沿叶柄下延，压干后常一侧叠褶，有时兼有两侧对称的叶，全缘或在顶部有少数浅裂齿，中脉在叶面至少下半段稍凸起，其余平坦，很少裂缝状浅凹陷，侧脉每边8-11条，甚纤细，当年生叶两面同色，二年生叶的叶背常带淡薄的银灰色；叶柄长7-10毫米，稀更长。雄花序穗状或圆锥花序，花序轴无毛，花被片内面被疏柔毛；雌花的花柱3或2枚。果序轴横切面径2-5毫米；壳斗有1坚果，阔卵形，顶狭尖或钝，连刺径长20-30毫米，2-4瓣开裂，壳壁厚约1毫米，刺长6-10毫米，壳斗顶部的刺密集而较短，通常完全遮蔽壳斗外壁，刺及壳壁被灰白色或灰黄色微柔毛，若壳斗近圆球形，则刺较疏少，近轴面无刺；坚果阔圆锥形，顶部锥尖，宽10-14毫米，无毛，果脐位于坚果的底部。花期4-6月，果次年9-11月成熟。
  产长江以南各地，但海南、云南不产。见于海拔300-1 700米丘陵或山地疏或密林中。在常绿阔叶或针叶阔叶混交林中常为主要树种。有时成小片纯林。模式标本采自香港黄泥涌。
  木材淡棕黄色或黄白色，环孔材，年轮近圆形，仅有细木射线。属黄锥类，在台湾，其木材价格与淋漓锥相同。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 4 (1999)
Castanopsis eyrei  (Champion ex Bentham) Tutcher
甜槠栲   tian zhu
Quercus eyrei Champion ex Bentham, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 114. 1854; Castanopsis asymetrica H. Léveillé; C. brachyacantha Hayata; C. caudata Franchet; C. chingii A. Camus; C. eyrei var. brachyacantha (Hayata) C. F. Shen; C. incana A. Camus; C. neocavaleriei A. Camus; Lithocarpus eyrei (Champion ex Bentham) Rehder; Pasania eyrei (Champion ex Bentham) Oersted; Q. castanopsis H. Léveillé; Q. cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; Q. cepifera H. Léveillé; Q. trinervis H. Léveillé; Shiia brachyacantha (Hayata) Kudo & Masamune; Synaedrys brachyacantha (Hayata) Koidzumi.
Trees 8-20 m tall; branches glabrous. Petiole 0.7-1.5 cm or rarely longer; leaf blade lanceolate, ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 5-13 × 1.5-5.5 cm, leathery, abaxially reddish brown to dark reddish brown when dry and with brownish to silver-gray, membranous scalelike trichomes, base slightly decurrent on petiole and inaequilateral or sometimes symmetric, margin entire or with few shallow teeth from middle to apex, apex long acuminate; midvein at least from base to middle adaxially slightly raised; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of midvein, very slender, evident. Infructescence rachis 2-5 mm thick, glabrous or glabrescent. Cupule broadly ovoid to subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., splitting into 2-4 segments, outside and bracts grayish to yellowish gray puberulent, apically acute to obtuse, wall ca. 1 mm thick; bracts spinelike, usually entirely covering outside of cupule, more densely toward apex but if cupule subglobose then basally glabrous and spines sparser, 4-10 mm but apical ones shorter. Nut 1 per cupule, broadly conical, 0.8-1.4 cm in diam., glabrous; scar basal, 8-10 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Sep-Nov of following year.
* Mixed and broad-leaved evergreen forests; 300-1700 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Zhejiang