木油桐Vernicia montana Lour.
木油桐Vernicia montana Lour.
2.木油桐 (广州植物志) 千年桐 (广东) ，皱果桐 (广西) 图版34：1-4
Vernicia montana Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 586. 1790; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 20: 394. 1966, et 26 (2): 349. 1972. ——Aleurites montana (Lour.) Wils. in Bull. Imp. Inst. 11: 460, 1913: Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 68 (IV. 147. XIV): 8. 1919; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学608,图504. 1937广州植物志274,图140.1956; 海南植物志2:149,图367. 1965,中国高等植物图鉴2: 596,图2922. 1972.
落叶乔木，高达20米。枝条无毛，散生突起皮孔。叶阔卵形，长8-20厘米，宽6-18厘米，顶端短尖至渐尖，基部心形至截平，全缘或2-5裂。裂缺常有杯状腺体，两面初被短柔毛，成长叶仅下面基部沿脉被短柔毛，掌状脉5条；叶柄长7-17厘米，无毛，顶端有2枚具柄的杯状腺体。花序生于当年生已发叶的枝条上，雌雄异株或有时同株异序；花萼无毛，长约1厘米，2-3裂；花瓣白色或基部紫红色且有紫红色脉纹，倒卵形，长2-3厘米，基部爪状，雄花：雄蕊8-10枚，外轮离生，内轮花丝下半部合生，花丝被毛；雌花；子房密被棕褐色柔毛，3室，花柱3枚，2深裂。核果卵球状，直径3-5厘米，具3条纵棱，棱间有粗疏网状皱纹，有种子3颗，种子扁球状，种皮厚，有疣突。花期4-5月。
分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南等省区。生于海拔1 300米以下的疏林中。越南、泰国、缅甸也有分布。
本种在华南亚热带丘陵山地较多栽培；用途同油桐。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Vernicia montana Loureiro
木油桐 mu you tong
Aleurites cordata Gagnepain; A. montana (Loureiro) Wilson; A. vernicia (Corrêa) Hasskarl; Dryandra vernicia Corrêa; Elaeococca vernicia (Corrêa) A. Jussieu.
Trees evergreen, up to 20 m tall, usually dioecious; bark brown; branches glabrous, with sparsely elevated lenticels. Petiole 7-17 cm, glabrous, apex with 2 stalked and cupular glands; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8-20 × 6-18 cm, pubescent on both surfaces when young, only abaxially pubescent along base of nerves at maturity, base cordate to truncate, margin entire or 2-5-fid, apex acute to acuminate, sinus usually with cupular glands. Inflorescences produced with new leaves, usually unisexual. Male flowers: calyx ca. 10 mm, 2- or 3-fid, glabrous; petals obovate, 2-3 cm, base clawed, white or purple-red at base and with purple-red nerve-stripes; stamens 8-10; filaments hairy, outer filaments free, inner filaments connate at and below middle. Female flowers: calyx and petals as in male; ovary densely brown pubescent, 3-locular; styles 3, bipartite. Drupes ovoid, 3-5 cm in diam., longitudinally 3-angular, between angles with sparsely reticulate wrinkles, 3-seeded. Seeds compressed globose; seed coat thicker, verrucose. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Open forests; below 1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; cultivated in Japan].
The seeds are a source of drying oils, used in paints and varnishes.
别名：mu oil tree;桐油树;山桐子;桐油果;千年桐;木油树;山桐;皱桐;五爪桐;皱皮桐;皱果桐;广东油桐;乌龟桐;
科名：大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
属名：油桐属 Vernicia
2.木油桐 (广州植物志) 千年桐 (广东) ，皱果桐 (广西) 图版34：1-4
Vernicia montana Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 586. 1790; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 20: 394. 1966, et 26 (2): 349. 1972. ——Aleurites montana (Lour.) Wils. in Bull. Imp. Inst. 11: 460, 1913: Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 68 (IV. 147. XIV): 8. 1919; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学608,图504. 1937广州植物志274,图140.1956; 海南植物志2:149,图367. 1965,中国高等植物图鉴2: 596,图2922. 1972.
落叶乔木，高达20米。枝条无毛，散生突起皮孔。叶阔卵形，长8-20厘米，宽6-18厘米，顶端短尖至渐尖，基部心形至截平，全缘或2-5裂。裂缺常有杯状腺体，两面初被短柔毛，成长叶仅下面基部沿脉被短柔毛，掌状脉5条；叶柄长7-17厘米，无毛，顶端有2枚具柄的杯状腺体。花序生于当年生已发叶的枝条上，雌雄异株或有时同株异序；花萼无毛，长约1厘米，2-3裂；花瓣白色或基部紫红色且有紫红色脉纹，倒卵形，长2-3厘米，基部爪状，雄花：雄蕊8-10枚，外轮离生，内轮花丝下半部合生，花丝被毛；雌花；子房密被棕褐色柔毛，3室，花柱3枚，2深裂。核果卵球状，直径3-5厘米，具3条纵棱，棱间有粗疏网状皱纹，有种子3颗，种子扁球状，种皮厚，有疣突。花期4-5月。
分布于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南等省区。生于海拔1 300米以下的疏林中。越南、泰国、缅甸也有分布。
本种在华南亚热带丘陵山地较多栽培；用途同油桐。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Vernicia montana Loureiro
木油桐 mu you tong
Aleurites cordata Gagnepain; A. montana (Loureiro) Wilson; A. vernicia (Corrêa) Hasskarl; Dryandra vernicia Corrêa; Elaeococca vernicia (Corrêa) A. Jussieu.
Trees evergreen, up to 20 m tall, usually dioecious; bark brown; branches glabrous, with sparsely elevated lenticels. Petiole 7-17 cm, glabrous, apex with 2 stalked and cupular glands; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8-20 × 6-18 cm, pubescent on both surfaces when young, only abaxially pubescent along base of nerves at maturity, base cordate to truncate, margin entire or 2-5-fid, apex acute to acuminate, sinus usually with cupular glands. Inflorescences produced with new leaves, usually unisexual. Male flowers: calyx ca. 10 mm, 2- or 3-fid, glabrous; petals obovate, 2-3 cm, base clawed, white or purple-red at base and with purple-red nerve-stripes; stamens 8-10; filaments hairy, outer filaments free, inner filaments connate at and below middle. Female flowers: calyx and petals as in male; ovary densely brown pubescent, 3-locular; styles 3, bipartite. Drupes ovoid, 3-5 cm in diam., longitudinally 3-angular, between angles with sparsely reticulate wrinkles, 3-seeded. Seeds compressed globose; seed coat thicker, verrucose. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Open forests; below 1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; cultivated in Japan].
The seeds are a source of drying oils, used in paints and varnishes.