白木乌桕Sapium japonicum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Pax et Hoffm.
白木乌桕Sapium japonicum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Pax et Hoffm.
8.白木乌桕 (植物分类学报) 图版4: 4-7
Sapium japonicum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 52 (IV. 147. V.): 252. 1912; Chien in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 57. 1927; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 213. 1931; S. K. Lee in Acta. Phytotax. Sin. 5: 127. 1956. p. p. (Excl. Spec. S. K. Lau n. 3137). ——Stilliugia japonica Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Wiss. Munchen 4: 145. 1845; Benth, Fl. Hongk. 303. 1861. ——Triadica japonica Baill. Etud. Gen. Euphorb. 512. 1858. ——Excoecaria japonica Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 32: 123. 1863; et in DC. Prodr. 15: 1217. 1866; Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 123. 1873; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 446. 1894; Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Toky. 20: 59. t. 4E, 1904.
灌木或乔木，高1-8米，各部均无毛；枝纤细，平滑。带灰褐色。叶互生，纸质，叶卵形、卵状长方形或椭圆形，长7-16厘米，宽4-8厘米，顶端短尖或凸尖，基部钝、截平或有时呈微心形，两侧常不等，全缘，背面中上部常于近边缘的脉上有散生的腺体，基部靠近中脉之两侧亦具2腺体；中脉在背面显著凸起，侧脉8-10对，斜上举，离缘3-5毫米弯拱网结，网状脉明显，网眼小；叶柄长1.5-3厘米，两侧薄，呈狭翅状，顶端无腺体；托叶膜质，线状披针形，长约1厘米。花单性，雌雄同株常同序，聚集成顶生，长4.5-11厘米的纤细总状花序，雌花数朵生于花序轴基部，雄花数朵生于花序轴上部，有时整个花序全为雄花。雄花：花梗丝状，长1-2毫米；苞片在花序下部的比花序上部的略长，卵形至卵状披针形，长2-2.5毫米，宽1-1.2毫米，顶端短尖至渐尖，边缘有不规则的小齿，基部两侧各具1近长圆形的腺体，每一苞片内有3-4朵花；花萼杯状，3裂，裂片有不规则的小齿；雄蕊3枚，稀2枚，常伸出于花萼之外，花药球形，略短于花丝。雌花：花梗粗壮，长6-10毫米；苞片3深裂几达基部，裂片披针形，长2-3毫米，通常中间的裂片较大，两侧之裂片其边缘各具1腺体；萼片3，三角形，长和宽近相等，顶端短尖或有时钝；子房卵球形，平滑，3室，花柱基部合生，柱头3，外卷。蒴果三棱状球形，直径10-15毫米。分果爿脱落后无宿存中轴；种子扁球形，直径6-9毫米，无蜡质的假种皮，有雅致的棕褐色斑纹。花期5-6月。
广布于山东、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、贵州和四川。生于林中湿润处或溪涧边。日本和朝鲜也有。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Neoshirakia japonica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Esser
白木乌桕 bai mu wu jiu
Stillingia japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. K?nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 145. 1845; Excoecaria japonica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Müller Argoviensis; Sapium japonicum (Siebold & Zuccarini) Pax & K. Hoffmann; Shirakia japonica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Hurusawa; Triadica japonica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Baillon.
Treelets to 8 m tall, glabrous; branches slender, smooth, gray-brown. Stipules membranous, linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm; petiole 1.5-3 cm, bilateral flattened into attenuate winged shape, without glands; leaf blade ovate, ovate-rectangular, or elliptic, 7-16 × 4-8 cm, papery, base obtuse, truncate, or sometimes shallowly cordate, usually oblique, margin entire, sparsely glandular abaxially in upper half near margin, with 2 glands at base of midrib; midrib elevated abaxially, lateral veins 8-10 pairs. Inflorescences terminal, 4.5-11 cm, female flowers at base, male ones at upper part, or sometimes male throughout. Male flowers: pedicels 1-2 mm; bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-2.5 × 1-1.2 mm, margins irregularly serrulate, basal glands ovoid, bracts 3- or 4-flowered; calyx cup-shaped, 3-lobed, lobes irregularly serrulate; stamens (2 or)3, usually exceeding calyx; anthers globose, slightly shorter than filaments. Female flowers: bracts 3-partite almost to base, lobes lanceolate, 2-3 mm, usually central ones larger, lateral lobes each 1-glandular; pedicels stout, 6-10 mm; calyx lobes 3, triangular, nearly as long as wide; ovary ovoid, smooth, 3-celled; styles connate at base; stigma 3, revolute. Capsules triangular-globose, 10-15 mm in diam.; columella deciduous. Seeds oblate, 6-9 mm in diam., with tawny maculate stripes. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Moist forests; 100-400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
Initial observations suggest that the Chinese material of Neo-shirakia japonica can be divided into two forms, one of relatively limited distribution matching the type from Japan and the other more widespread differing in leaf shape and enlarged basal glands and probably representing a third species.
别名：白乳木;
科名：大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
属名：乌桕属 Sapium
8.白木乌桕 (植物分类学报) 图版4: 4-7
Sapium japonicum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 52 (IV. 147. V.): 252. 1912; Chien in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 57. 1927; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 213. 1931; S. K. Lee in Acta. Phytotax. Sin. 5: 127. 1956. p. p. (Excl. Spec. S. K. Lau n. 3137). ——Stilliugia japonica Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Wiss. Munchen 4: 145. 1845; Benth, Fl. Hongk. 303. 1861. ——Triadica japonica Baill. Etud. Gen. Euphorb. 512. 1858. ——Excoecaria japonica Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 32: 123. 1863; et in DC. Prodr. 15: 1217. 1866; Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 123. 1873; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 446. 1894; Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Toky. 20: 59. t. 4E, 1904.
灌木或乔木，高1-8米，各部均无毛；枝纤细，平滑。带灰褐色。叶互生，纸质，叶卵形、卵状长方形或椭圆形，长7-16厘米，宽4-8厘米，顶端短尖或凸尖，基部钝、截平或有时呈微心形，两侧常不等，全缘，背面中上部常于近边缘的脉上有散生的腺体，基部靠近中脉之两侧亦具2腺体；中脉在背面显著凸起，侧脉8-10对，斜上举，离缘3-5毫米弯拱网结，网状脉明显，网眼小；叶柄长1.5-3厘米，两侧薄，呈狭翅状，顶端无腺体；托叶膜质，线状披针形，长约1厘米。花单性，雌雄同株常同序，聚集成顶生，长4.5-11厘米的纤细总状花序，雌花数朵生于花序轴基部，雄花数朵生于花序轴上部，有时整个花序全为雄花。雄花：花梗丝状，长1-2毫米；苞片在花序下部的比花序上部的略长，卵形至卵状披针形，长2-2.5毫米，宽1-1.2毫米，顶端短尖至渐尖，边缘有不规则的小齿，基部两侧各具1近长圆形的腺体，每一苞片内有3-4朵花；花萼杯状，3裂，裂片有不规则的小齿；雄蕊3枚，稀2枚，常伸出于花萼之外，花药球形，略短于花丝。雌花：花梗粗壮，长6-10毫米；苞片3深裂几达基部，裂片披针形，长2-3毫米，通常中间的裂片较大，两侧之裂片其边缘各具1腺体；萼片3，三角形，长和宽近相等，顶端短尖或有时钝；子房卵球形，平滑，3室，花柱基部合生，柱头3，外卷。蒴果三棱状球形，直径10-15毫米。分果爿脱落后无宿存中轴；种子扁球形，直径6-9毫米，无蜡质的假种皮，有雅致的棕褐色斑纹。花期5-6月。
广布于山东、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、贵州和四川。生于林中湿润处或溪涧边。日本和朝鲜也有。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Neoshirakia japonica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Esser
白木乌桕 bai mu wu jiu
Stillingia japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. K?nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 145. 1845; Excoecaria japonica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Müller Argoviensis; Sapium japonicum (Siebold & Zuccarini) Pax & K. Hoffmann; Shirakia japonica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Hurusawa; Triadica japonica (Siebold & Zuccarini) Baillon.
Treelets to 8 m tall, glabrous; branches slender, smooth, gray-brown. Stipules membranous, linear-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm; petiole 1.5-3 cm, bilateral flattened into attenuate winged shape, without glands; leaf blade ovate, ovate-rectangular, or elliptic, 7-16 × 4-8 cm, papery, base obtuse, truncate, or sometimes shallowly cordate, usually oblique, margin entire, sparsely glandular abaxially in upper half near margin, with 2 glands at base of midrib; midrib elevated abaxially, lateral veins 8-10 pairs. Inflorescences terminal, 4.5-11 cm, female flowers at base, male ones at upper part, or sometimes male throughout. Male flowers: pedicels 1-2 mm; bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-2.5 × 1-1.2 mm, margins irregularly serrulate, basal glands ovoid, bracts 3- or 4-flowered; calyx cup-shaped, 3-lobed, lobes irregularly serrulate; stamens (2 or)3, usually exceeding calyx; anthers globose, slightly shorter than filaments. Female flowers: bracts 3-partite almost to base, lobes lanceolate, 2-3 mm, usually central ones larger, lateral lobes each 1-glandular; pedicels stout, 6-10 mm; calyx lobes 3, triangular, nearly as long as wide; ovary ovoid, smooth, 3-celled; styles connate at base; stigma 3, revolute. Capsules triangular-globose, 10-15 mm in diam.; columella deciduous. Seeds oblate, 6-9 mm in diam., with tawny maculate stripes. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Moist forests; 100-400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
Initial observations suggest that the Chinese material of Neo-shirakia japonica can be divided into two forms, one of relatively limited distribution matching the type from Japan and the other more widespread differing in leaf shape and enlarged basal glands and probably representing a third species.