山乌桕Sapium discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg.
山乌桕Sapium discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg.
5.山乌桕（植物分类学报）山乌桕、红心乌桕（广东）
Sapium discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 32: 121. 1863; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 469. 1888; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 445. 1894; Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 52 (IV. 147. V.): 239. 1912; Dunn et Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. 10: 241. 1912; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 399. fig. 46. 2-8, 1926; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 113. 1927; Hand.-Mazz. symb. sin. 7: 212. 1931; S. K. Lee in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5: 123. 1956; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 438. 1963;海南植物志3: 182. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 616.图2961, 1972; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: (2): 329. 1972, et l. c. add. ser. 4: 192. 1975; 台湾植物志3: 494. 1977. ——Stillingia discolor Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot, 6: 1. 1856; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 303. 1861. ——Excoecaria discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15: 1210. 1866. ——Sapium laui Croizat in Journ. Arn. Arb. 21: 505. 1940; S. K. Lee in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5: 125. 1956. syn. nov. ——Sapium eugeniaefolium auct. non Hamilt. ex Hook. f.: Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 52 (IV. 147. V.): 240. 1912. p. p. (quoad. specim. A. Henry 11942, 11942A); S. K. Lee in Acta Phytotax Sin. 5: 124. 1956
乔大或灌木，高3-12米，罕有达20米者，各部均无毛；小枝灰褐色，有皮孔。叶 互生，纸质，嫩时呈淡红色，叶片椭圆形或长卵形，长4-10厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，顶端钝或短渐尖，基部短狭或楔形，背面近缘常有数个圆形的腺体；中脉在两面均凸起，于背面尤著，侧脉纤细，8-12对，互生或有时近对生，略呈弧状上升，离缘1-2毫米弯拱网结，网脉很柔弱，通常明显；叶柄纤细，长2-7.5厘米，顶端具2毗连的腺体；托叶小，近卵形，长约1毫米，易脱落。花单性，雌雄同株，密集成长4-9厘米的顶生总状花序，雌花生于花序轴下部，雄花生于花序轴上部或有时整个花序全为雄花。雄花：花梗丝状，长1-3毫米；苞片卵形，长约1.5毫米，宽近1毫米，顶端锐尖，基部两侧各具一长圆形或肾形，长约2毫米宽近1毫米的腺体，每一苞片内有5-7朵花；小苞片小，狭，长1-1.2毫米；花萼杯状，具不整齐的裂齿；雄蕊2枚，少有3枚，花丝短，花药球形。雌花：花梗粗壮，圆柱形，长约5毫米；苞片几与雄花的相似，每一苞片内仅有1朵花；花萼3深裂几达基部，裂片三角形，长1.8-2毫米，宽约1.2毫米，顶端短尖，边缘有疏细齿；子房卵形，3室，花柱粗壮，柱头3，外反。蒴果黑色，球形，直径1-1. 5厘米，分果爿脱落后而中轴宿存，种子近球形，长4-5毫米，直径3-4毫米，外薄被蜡质的假种皮。花期4-6月。
广布于云南、四川、贵州、湖南、广西、广东、江西、安徽、福建、浙江、台湾等省区。生于山谷或山坡混交林中。印度、缅甸、老挝、越南、马来西亚及印度尼西亚也有。模式标本采自广东南部。
木材可制火柴枝和茶箱。根皮及叶药用，治跌打扭伤、痈疮、毒蛇咬伤及便秘等。种子油可制肥皂。
本种的叶背面靠近边缘处亦常有数个圆形的小腺体。笔者很怀疑 Sapium eugeniaefolium Hamilt. ex Hook. f.即为本种。现未见印度标本，无法进行比较，暂不作归并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Triadica cochinchinensis Loureiro
山乌桕 shan wu jiu
Excoecaria discolor (Champion ex Bentham) Müller Argoviensis; E. loureiroana Müller Argoviensis; Sapium cochinchinense (Loureiro) Pax & K. Hoffmann (1912), not (Loureiro) Kuntze (1898); S. discolor (Champion ex Bentham) Müller Argoviensis; S. laui Croizat; Shirakia cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Hurusawa; Stillingia discolor Champion ex Bentham.
Trees to 12(-20) m tall, glabrous; branchlets gray-brown, lenticellate. Leaves alternate; stipules small, subovate, ca. 1 mm; petioles 2-7.5 cm, 2-glandular at apex; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-ovate, 4-10 × 2.5-5 cm, papery, reddish when young, base cuneate, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate, with several rounded glands on or near margin abaxially; midvein elevated on both surfaces, lateral veins 8-12 pairs, alternate or nearly opposite. Flowers monoecious in terminal racemes; inflorescences 4-9 cm, female in lower part, male in upper part or throughout. Male flowers: pedicels 1-3 mm; bracts ovate, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, glands oblong or reniform, ca. 2 × 1 mm at bilateral base, each bract 5-7-flowered; bractlets 1-1.2 mm; calyx cup-shaped, irregularly serrulate; stamens 2 or 3; filaments short; anthers globose. Female flowers: pedicels stout, terete, ca. 5 mm; bracts almost as in male, each bract only 1-flowered; calyx 3-partite to base, lobes triangular, 1.8-2 × ca. 1.2 mm, margins sparsely serrulate; ovary ovoid, 3-celled; styles 3, revolute. Capsules black, globose, 7-9 mm in diam.; columella persistent. Seeds subglobose, 4-5 × 3-4 mm in diam., with thinly waxy aril. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Moist broad-leaved evergreen forests, subtropical forests, montane forests or brushwood; 100-1100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Sapium cochinchinense (Loureiro) Kuntze is based on Excoecaria cochinchinensis Loureiro, whereas S. cochinchinense (Loureiro) Pax & K. Hoffmann is an illegitimate later homonym based on Triadica cochinchinensis.
The timber of Triadica cochinchinensis is used for matchsticks and tea boxes. The roots and leaves are used as medicine for traumatic injury and to detoxify snakebites. The seed oil is used to make soap.
【拼音名】 Shān Wū Jiù
【别名】 红乌桕、红叶乌桕、山柳乌桕
【来源】 大戟科乌桕属植物山乌桕Sapium discolor （Champ. ex Benth.）Muell.-Arg.，以根皮、树皮及叶入药。根皮、树皮全年可采，叶夏秋采，晒干。
【性味】 苦，寒。有小毒。
【功能主治】 泻下逐水，散瘀消肿。
根皮、树皮：肾炎水肿，肝硬化腹水，大、小便不通。
叶：外用治跌打肿痛，毒蛇咬伤，过敏性皮炎，湿疹，带状疱疹。
【用法用量】 1～3钱；外用适量，鲜叶捣烂敷患处，或煎水外洗。
【注意】 孕妇及体虚者忌服。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
别名：山桏;红叶乌桏;八丝八呢;白臼;红乌桕;红心乌桕;红叶乌桕;桕子;卷子树;膜叶乌桕;漆大伯;山桕子;山柳;山柳乌桕;四月红;铁桕子;野乌桕;
科名：大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
属名：乌桕属 Sapium
5.山乌桕（植物分类学报）山乌桕、红心乌桕（广东）
Sapium discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg. in Linnaea 32: 121. 1863; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 469. 1888; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 445. 1894; Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 52 (IV. 147. V.): 239. 1912; Dunn et Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. add. ser. 10: 241. 1912; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 399. fig. 46. 2-8, 1926; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 113. 1927; Hand.-Mazz. symb. sin. 7: 212. 1931; S. K. Lee in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5: 123. 1956; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 438. 1963;海南植物志3: 182. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 616.图2961, 1972; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: (2): 329. 1972, et l. c. add. ser. 4: 192. 1975; 台湾植物志3: 494. 1977. ——Stillingia discolor Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot, 6: 1. 1856; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 303. 1861. ——Excoecaria discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15: 1210. 1866. ——Sapium laui Croizat in Journ. Arn. Arb. 21: 505. 1940; S. K. Lee in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 5: 125. 1956. syn. nov. ——Sapium eugeniaefolium auct. non Hamilt. ex Hook. f.: Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 52 (IV. 147. V.): 240. 1912. p. p. (quoad. specim. A. Henry 11942, 11942A); S. K. Lee in Acta Phytotax Sin. 5: 124. 1956
乔大或灌木，高3-12米，罕有达20米者，各部均无毛；小枝灰褐色，有皮孔。叶 互生，纸质，嫩时呈淡红色，叶片椭圆形或长卵形，长4-10厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，顶端钝或短渐尖，基部短狭或楔形，背面近缘常有数个圆形的腺体；中脉在两面均凸起，于背面尤著，侧脉纤细，8-12对，互生或有时近对生，略呈弧状上升，离缘1-2毫米弯拱网结，网脉很柔弱，通常明显；叶柄纤细，长2-7.5厘米，顶端具2毗连的腺体；托叶小，近卵形，长约1毫米，易脱落。花单性，雌雄同株，密集成长4-9厘米的顶生总状花序，雌花生于花序轴下部，雄花生于花序轴上部或有时整个花序全为雄花。雄花：花梗丝状，长1-3毫米；苞片卵形，长约1.5毫米，宽近1毫米，顶端锐尖，基部两侧各具一长圆形或肾形，长约2毫米宽近1毫米的腺体，每一苞片内有5-7朵花；小苞片小，狭，长1-1.2毫米；花萼杯状，具不整齐的裂齿；雄蕊2枚，少有3枚，花丝短，花药球形。雌花：花梗粗壮，圆柱形，长约5毫米；苞片几与雄花的相似，每一苞片内仅有1朵花；花萼3深裂几达基部，裂片三角形，长1.8-2毫米，宽约1.2毫米，顶端短尖，边缘有疏细齿；子房卵形，3室，花柱粗壮，柱头3，外反。蒴果黑色，球形，直径1-1. 5厘米，分果爿脱落后而中轴宿存，种子近球形，长4-5毫米，直径3-4毫米，外薄被蜡质的假种皮。花期4-6月。
广布于云南、四川、贵州、湖南、广西、广东、江西、安徽、福建、浙江、台湾等省区。生于山谷或山坡混交林中。印度、缅甸、老挝、越南、马来西亚及印度尼西亚也有。模式标本采自广东南部。
木材可制火柴枝和茶箱。根皮及叶药用，治跌打扭伤、痈疮、毒蛇咬伤及便秘等。种子油可制肥皂。
本种的叶背面靠近边缘处亦常有数个圆形的小腺体。笔者很怀疑 Sapium eugeniaefolium Hamilt. ex Hook. f.即为本种。现未见印度标本，无法进行比较，暂不作归并。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Triadica cochinchinensis Loureiro
山乌桕 shan wu jiu
Excoecaria discolor (Champion ex Bentham) Müller Argoviensis; E. loureiroana Müller Argoviensis; Sapium cochinchinense (Loureiro) Pax & K. Hoffmann (1912), not (Loureiro) Kuntze (1898); S. discolor (Champion ex Bentham) Müller Argoviensis; S. laui Croizat; Shirakia cochinchinensis (Loureiro) Hurusawa; Stillingia discolor Champion ex Bentham.
Trees to 12(-20) m tall, glabrous; branchlets gray-brown, lenticellate. Leaves alternate; stipules small, subovate, ca. 1 mm; petioles 2-7.5 cm, 2-glandular at apex; leaf blade elliptic or oblong-ovate, 4-10 × 2.5-5 cm, papery, reddish when young, base cuneate, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate, with several rounded glands on or near margin abaxially; midvein elevated on both surfaces, lateral veins 8-12 pairs, alternate or nearly opposite. Flowers monoecious in terminal racemes; inflorescences 4-9 cm, female in lower part, male in upper part or throughout. Male flowers: pedicels 1-3 mm; bracts ovate, ca. 1.5 × 1 mm, glands oblong or reniform, ca. 2 × 1 mm at bilateral base, each bract 5-7-flowered; bractlets 1-1.2 mm; calyx cup-shaped, irregularly serrulate; stamens 2 or 3; filaments short; anthers globose. Female flowers: pedicels stout, terete, ca. 5 mm; bracts almost as in male, each bract only 1-flowered; calyx 3-partite to base, lobes triangular, 1.8-2 × ca. 1.2 mm, margins sparsely serrulate; ovary ovoid, 3-celled; styles 3, revolute. Capsules black, globose, 7-9 mm in diam.; columella persistent. Seeds subglobose, 4-5 × 3-4 mm in diam., with thinly waxy aril. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Moist broad-leaved evergreen forests, subtropical forests, montane forests or brushwood; 100-1100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
Sapium cochinchinense (Loureiro) Kuntze is based on Excoecaria cochinchinensis Loureiro, whereas S. cochinchinense (Loureiro) Pax & K. Hoffmann is an illegitimate later homonym based on Triadica cochinchinensis.
The timber of Triadica cochinchinensis is used for matchsticks and tea boxes. The roots and leaves are used as medicine for traumatic injury and to detoxify snakebites. The seed oil is used to make soap.
【拼音名】 Shān Wū Jiù
【别名】 红乌桕、红叶乌桕、山柳乌桕
【来源】 大戟科乌桕属植物山乌桕Sapium discolor （Champ. ex Benth.）Muell.-Arg.，以根皮、树皮及叶入药。根皮、树皮全年可采，叶夏秋采，晒干。
【性味】 苦，寒。有小毒。
【功能主治】 泻下逐水，散瘀消肿。
根皮、树皮：肾炎水肿，肝硬化腹水，大、小便不通。
叶：外用治跌打肿痛，毒蛇咬伤，过敏性皮炎，湿疹，带状疱疹。
【用法用量】 1～3钱；外用适量，鲜叶捣烂敷患处，或煎水外洗。
【注意】 孕妇及体虚者忌服。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
- 3种乌桕属植物根化学成分的GC-MS分析
- 山乌桕的显微鉴别
- 山乌桕的育苗与造林技术研究
- 乡土生态修复和鸟媒植物山乌桕和圆叶乌桕栽培技术综述
- 乡土彩叶树种山乌桕播种育苗不同定苗密度试验
- 生物柴油原料树种山乌桕及其脂肪酸分析
- 不容忽视的树种——山乌桕
- 山乌桕蜂蜜酒及蜂蜜醋的酿造工艺研究
- 山乌桕的育苗与造林技术
- 山乌桕在环城园林造景中的应用
- 失叶率对山乌桕幼苗生长和叶绿素含量的影响
- 石灰岩特有植物圆叶乌桕土壤与叶片化学元素含量特征
- 不同处理对山乌桕发芽力影响的研究
- 山乌桕蜂蜜酒的酿造工艺研究
- 山乌桕蜂蜜醋及其蜂蜜醋饮料的研制
- 山乌桕的特征特性及育苗造林技术
- 山乌桕蜂蜜醋香味成分的GC-MS分析
- 山乌桕茎枝的化学成分研究
- 适合园林应用的三种乌桕属乡土观赏植物