叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria Linn.

别名：chamber bitter;小蟲儿麦;五时合;东北油柑;红骨;假青;假油甘;龙珠草;企枝叶下珠;阿钱莫;地槐菜;小号油柑仔;小里草;牙海巴;油甘草;鱼蛋草;珠子草;田青仔;田油甘;珍珠草;塔地沙;山皂角;真珠草;十字珍珠草;软梗叶下珠;日开夜闭;老鸦珠;假油树;鲫鱼草;红珍珠草;粟杨梅;蓖萁草;夜合草;珠仔草;眼痛草;叶底珠;叶后珠;叶下珍珠;夜合珍球;夜合珍珠;阴阳草;关门草;鱼心草;细叶珍珠;胡羞羞;

科名：大戟科 Euphorbiaceae

属名：叶下珠属 Phyllanthus

《中国植物志》第44(1)卷093页
  9.叶下珠（植物名实图考）阴阳草、假油树（本草纲目拾遗），珍珠草（广西），珠仔草（台湾），蓖其草（湖北）图版26：6-8
  Phyllanthus urinaria Linn. Sp. Pl. 982. 1753; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 18(2): 364. 1866: Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 293. 1887; Ridl. in Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 200. 1924; Beill. in Lec. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 586. 1927; Hand.-Mazz. Symb, Sin. 7: 223. 1931; Croiz. in Journ. Jap. Bot. 16: 657. 1940; Webster in Journ. Arn. Arb. 38: 194, Text-fig. 9. 1957; Back. et Bakh. f. Fl. Java 1: 469. 1963; 海南植物志2: 129, 357, 1965; Webster et Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: 91. 1971; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: 325. 1972, et Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 4: 185. 1975;中国高等植物图鉴2: 588, 图2906. 1972; Hsieh in Li, Fl. Taiwan. 3: 493. 1977; Ohwi, Fl.Jap. new ed. rev. enl. 834. 1978; 湖北植物志2; 363, 图262, 1979; Chin in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 347. 1981. ——Phyllanthus cantoniensis Hornem. Enum Pl. Hort. Hafn. 29. 1807. ——P. cantoniensis Schweigg. Enum. Pl. Hort. Regiorn. 54. 1812.
  一年生草本，高10-60厘米，茎通常直立，基部多分枝，枝倾卧而后上升；枝具翅状纵棱，上部被-纵列疏短柔毛。叶片纸质，因叶柄扭转而呈羽状排列，长圆形或倒卵形，长4-10毫米，宽2-5毫米，顶端圆、钝或急尖而有小尖头，下面灰绿色，近边缘或边缘有1-3列短粗毛；侧脉每边4-5条，明显；叶柄极短；托叶卵状披针形，长约1.5毫米。花雌雄同株，直径约4毫米；雄花：2-4朵簇生于叶腋，通常仅上面1朵开花，下面的很小；花梗长约0.5毫米，基部有苞片1-2枚；萼片6，倒卵形，长约0.6毫米，顶端钝；雄蕊3，花丝全部合生成柱状；花粉粒长球形，通常具5孔沟，少数3、4、6孔沟，内孔横长椭圆形；花盘腺体6，分离，与萼片互生；雌花：单生于小枝中下部的叶腋内；花梗长约0.5毫米；萼片6，近相等，卵状披针形，长约1毫米，边缘膜质，黄白色；花盘圆盘状，边全缘；子房卵状，有鳞片状凸起，花柱分离，顶端2裂，裂片弯卷。蒴果圆球状，直径1-2毫米，红色，表面具-小凸刺，有宿存的花柱和萼片，开裂后轴柱宿存；种子长1.2毫米，橙黄色。花期4-6月，果期7-11月。
  产于河北、山西、陕西、华东、华中、华南、西南等省区，通常生于海拔500米以下旷野平地、旱田、山地路旁或林缘，在云南海拔1100米的湿润山坡草地亦见有生长。分布于印度、斯里兰卡、中南半岛、日本、马来西亚、印度尼西亚至南美。模式标本采自斯里兰卡。
  药用，全草有解毒、消炎、清热止泻、利尿之效，可治赤目肿痛、肠炎腹泻、痢疾、肝炎、小儿疳积、肾炎水肿、尿路感染等。
形态特征：一年生草本，高达40厘米。茎直立，分枝倾卧而后上升，具翅状纵棱。叶2列，左右互生，长椭圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长7-15毫米，宽3-7毫米，先端圆，具尖，基部圆形，稍偏斜，全缘，有细缘毛。花小，腋生，单性，雌雄同株，无花瓣；雄花2-3朵簇生，萼片6，倒卵形，雄蕊3枚，花丝合生；雌花单生，萼长1毫米，萼片6，卵状披针形，子房上位，卵形，花柱短2裂。蒴果，无梗，扁球形，直径约2.5毫米，有小鳞片状突起。种子长1.2 毫米。花期7-9月，果期8-10月。
分    布：各地
生    境：山坡或路边
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：痢疾、蛇伤、皮肤过敏
药用主治：眼结合膜炎、夜盲症、肾炎水肿、泌尿系感染、结石、黄疸型肝炎、喉炎

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Phyllanthus urinaria  Linnaeus
叶下珠   ye xia zhu
Diasperus urinaria (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Phyllanthus alatus Blume; P. cantoniensis Hornemann; P. cantoniensis Schweigger (1812), not Hornemann (1807); P. chamaepeuce Ridley; P. lepidocarpus Siebold & Zuccarini; P. leprocarpus Wight; P. nozeranii Rossignol & Haicour.
Annual herbs, erect or procumbent, up to 80 cm tall; stem much branched at base; branches prostrate to ascending, winged, hispidulous along one side. Leaves distichous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, base conspicuously auriculate; petiole very short; leaf blade papery, oblong or oblong-obovate or nearly linear, sometimes slightly falcate, 4-10 × 2-5 mm, abaxially gray-green or pale, or sometimes reddish tinged, adaxially bright or dark green, base mostly obtuse, sometimes conspicuously oblique, margin ciliate, apex rounded, obtuse, or acutely mucronulate; lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, conspicuous. Plants monoecious. Flower fascicles male along distal part of branchlets, 2-4-flowered, female along middle and lower part of branchlets, 1-flowered; pedicel ca. 0.5 mm, with 1-2 bracteoles at base. Male flowers: sepals 6, elliptic to oblong-obovate, 0.3-0.6 × 0.2-0.4 mm, yellowish white, apex obtuse; disk glands 6, green; stamens 3; filaments completely united into a slender column. Female flowers: pedicels ca. 0.5 mm; sepals 6, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, subequal, ca. 1 mm, margin membranous, yellowish white, persistent in fruit; disk orbicular, entire; ovary ovoid or spherical, with conspicuous raised scales; styles 3, free, bifid at apex, lobes revolute. Capsules globose, 2-2.5 mm in diam., with reddish blotches, scurfy-tuberculate. Seed 3-sided, 1-1.2 × 0.9-1 mm, light grayish brown, with 12-15 sharp transverse ridges on back and sides, often with 1-3 deep circular pits on side. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Nov.
Dry fields, roadsides, wastelands, forest margins; below 100-600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; South America].