栏目

雀儿舌头Leptopus chinensis (Bunge) Pojark.

雀儿舌头Leptopus chinensis (Bunge) Pojark.

别名:黑钧叶;赤金子;细柄雀儿舌头;闹羊草;毛叶雀儿舌头;黑构叶;黑钩叶;雀舌木;黔钩叶;云南雀舌木;

科名:大戟科 Euphorbiaceae

属名:雀舌木属 Leptopus

《中国植物志》第44(1)卷018页
  8. 雀儿舌头(华北) 黑钩叶(华北,植物学名词审查本),断肠草(河北、内蒙古)
  Leptopus chinensis (Bunge) Pojark. in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS. 20: 274. 1960; 湖北植物志 2: 357, 图1257. 1979; P. T. Li in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Endinb. 40(3): 472. 1983: Lauener in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Endinb. 40(3): 482. 1983; 西藏植物志 3: 58, 图20. 1986. ——Andrachne chinensis Bunge in Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. 2: 133. 1833; Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 81(IV. 147. XV): 171. 1921; 中国高等植物图鉴 2: 589, 图2908. 1972. ——A. cordifolia Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 26: 420. 1894: Pax et Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenr.81(IV. 147. XV): 171. 1921, p. p., quoad E. H. Wilson 3205, 3539; non Muell. Arg. (1866). ——Flueggea capillipes Pax in Bot. Jahrb: 29: 427. 1900. ——Andrachne bodinieri Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 12: 187. 1913, et Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 158. 1914; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 14: 229. 1933. ——A. capillipes (Pax) Hutch. in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 2: 516. 1916. ——A. capillipes (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens Hutch. in l. c. ——A. montana Hutch. in l. c. 517. ——A. chinensis Bunge var. pubescens (Hutch.) Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 221. 1931. ——Arachne chinensis (Bunge) Pojark. in Bot. Zhurn. URSS. 25: 392. 1949. ——A. montana (Hutch.) Pojark. in l. c. ——A. capillipes (Pax) Pojark. in l. c. ——A. montana (Hutch.) , Hurusawa in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, III, 6(6): 339. 1954. ——A. chinensis (Bunge) Hurusawa in l. c. 338. ——Leptopus capillipes (Pax) Pojark. in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS. 20: 273. 1960. ——L. montanus (Hutch.) Pojark. in l. c. 2 74. ——L. chinensis (Bunge) Pojark. var. pubescens (Hutch.) M-S. in Fl. Hupeh. 2: 360. 1979. ——L. chinensis (Bunge) Pojark. var. pubescens (Hutch.) S. P. Ho in Fl. Tsinling. 1(3): 168. 1981. ——L. chinensis (Bunge) Pojark. var. pubescens (Hutch.) C. Y. Wu, Index Fl. Yunnan. 1: 445. 1984.
形态特征:小灌木,高1—3米。老枝深或浅褐紫色,幼枝绿色,或浅褐色,被毛或后来无毛。叶卵形至披针形,长1—5.5厘米,宽5—25毫米,叶柄纤细,长2—8毫米。花小,雌雄同株,单生成2—4簇生于叶腋,萼片5,基部合生,雄花花瓣5,白色,腺体5,与萼片互生,雄蕊5,雌花花瓣较小,子房3
用    途:枝可药用,泡酒服,治全身瘫痪。
分    布:产九冲、泮龙、新华、桂连坪、黄家湾、独木坪。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Leptopus chinensis  (Bunge) Pojarkova
雀儿舌头   que er she tou
Andrachne chinensis Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 59. 1833; A. bodinieri H. Léveillé; A. capillipes (Pax) Hutchinson; A. capillipes var. pubescens Hutchinson; A. chinensis var. pubescens (Hutchinson) Handel-Mazzetti; A. colchica Fischer & C. A. Meyer ex Boissier; A. cordifolia Hemsley; A. hirsuta Hutchinson; A. lolonum Handel-Mazzetti; A. montana Hutchin son; A. nana (P. T. Li) Govaerts; A. yunnanensis (P. T. Li) Govaerts; Flueggea capillipes Pax; Leptopus capillipes (Pax) Pojarkova; L. chinensis var. hirsutus (Hutchinson) P. T. Li; L. chinensis var. pubescens (Hutchinson) S. B. Ho; L. colchicus (Fischer & C. A. Meyer ex Boissier) Pojarkova; L. hirsutus (Hutchinson) Pojarkova; L. lolonum (Handel-Mazzetti) Pojarkova; L. montanus (Hutchinson) Pojarkova; L. nanus P. T. Li; L. yunnanensis P. T. Li.
Erect shrubs, 0.5-4 m tall, monoecious (rarely dioecious). Branchlets longitudinally ribbed, sometimes terete, light green to brown. Stipules ovate to triangular, base truncate to cordate or auriculate, apex acute to acuminate, ferruginous to almost black; petiole 0.5-8 × 0.15-0.4 mm; leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, sometimes oblong or orbicular, (0.5-)0.8-3(-5) × (0.3-)0.4-1.5(-2.3) cm, membranous to papery, drying concolorous to discolorous green to yellow-green, brown, gray, or dark red, both surfaces glabrous to densely hirsute, base acute to truncate, rarely cordate, apex obtuse to acuminate, usually acute, sometimes mucronate; secondary veins 3-6 pairs. Inflorescences unisexual or bisexual, male inflorescence axis 0-0.1(-3) mm. Male flowers 1-4 per fascicle, 2-5 mm in diam.; pedicel 3-12 mm; sepals obovate to oblong, apex rounded, 1.8-3.5 × 0.8-1.8 mm, rarely with 1 or 2 digitate glands at base; petals obovate to spatulate or elliptic, 1-1.8 × 0.3-1 mm, apex rounded to truncate; disk bilobed for 1/3-2/3 of length. Female flowers 1 or 2 per fascicle, 3-6 mm in diam., rotate; pedicel 6-14 mm; sepals ovate to obovate or oblong, 1-3.5 × 0.8-2.5 mm, apex rounded to cuspidate, often with 1 or 2 digitate glands at base; petals obovate, 0.2-0.6 × 0.2-0.3 mm, apex rounded; disk bilobed for 1/3-1/2 of length; ovary 3-locular, glabrous to hirsute; styles 3, glabrous. Fruiting pedicel 7-22 mm; sepals not accrescent; capsule smooth to faintly reticulate, glabrous to hirsute, drying red-brown to brown. Seed smooth, yellow to red-brown.
Stony slopes, open scrub or mixed forest understories on a variety of substrates; sea level to 3000 m. Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia (N Caucasus); SW Asia (Abkhazia, Georgia, Iran)].
Leptopus chinensis encompasses a great variety of flexible phenotypes, several of which have been described as separate species. Leaf size and overall appearance can also vary with plant age. Leptopus chinensis is cultivated in many botanic gardens in Europe and North America, usually labeled as L. colchicus.

Leptopus yunnanensis falls within the polymorphic species L. chinensis. The type of L. yunnanensis has cordate leaf blade bases, wide acuminate female sepals with digitate glands at the base, and a yellowish drying color. However, these characters vary independently from one another over a wide geographic range, and many plants have intermediate characteristics.

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