钩腺大戟Euphorbia sieboldiana Morr. et Decne.
钩腺大戟Euphorbia sieboldiana Morr. et Decne.
74.钩腺大戟（中国高等植物图鉴）马蹄大戟，长角大戟，黄土大戟，粉柄大戟（云南种子植物名录），锥腺大戟（东北草本植物志），长圆叶大戟，土大戟（湖北植物志），康定大戟（云南植物研究）图版40：1-7
Euphorbia sieboldiana Morr. & Decne. in Bull. Acad. Brux. 3: 174. 1836; Bolas. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 158. 1862; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 185. 1911; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 451. 1949;中国高等植物图鉴2: 625.图2979.1972; Ohwi, Fl. Jah. 842. 1978; 湖北植物志2: 390.图1299.1979; 宁夏植物志1: 429.1986, excl. f. 418; 河南植物志2: 489.图1406-1986; J. S. Ma＆C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 118. 1992; et in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 14 (4): 370. 1992. ——E. hippocrepica Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 414. 1894; Levl. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 6: 763. 1906; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (2): 232. 1931; 云南种子植物名录1: 439.1984. ——E. erythraea Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 412. 1894; Levl. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 6: 762. 1906. ——E. henryi Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 413. 1894; Levl. in Bull. Herb. Bolas. 2, 6: 762. 1906; 湖北植物志2: 392.图1303——1979. ——E. bodinieri Levl.＆Van. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 7: 761, 1906. ——E. esquirolii Levl. & Van. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 7: 762. 1906. ——E. glaucopoda Diels in Not. Roy. Bot.Gard. Edinb. 5: 219. 1912;云南种子植物名录1: 439——1984. ——E. savaryi Kiss. In Bot. Kozl. 19: 91. 1921; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 452. 1949; 东北草本植物志6: 43. fig. 17: 1-4. 1977. ——E. szechuanica Pax＆Hoffm. in Fed. Rep. Beih 12. 433. 1922. ——E. luticola Hand, -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (2): 233. 1931, excl. syn.; 湖北植物志2: 390.1979; 云南种子植物名录1: 440.1984. 横断山维管植物1: 1064, 1993.——E. kangdingensisW. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10 (1): 43. 1988, 横断山维管植物1: 1064, 1993. ——E. kangdingensis W. T. Wang var. puberula W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10 (1): 45.1988; 横断山维管植物1: 1064, 1993. ——E. rothiana auct. non Spreng: Hand. ——Mazz. Symb.. Sin.7(2): 234. 1931; 云南种子植物名录1: 441. 1984. ——E. oreophila auct non Miq.: Lauener in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 40 (3): 480. 1983.
多年生草本。根状茎较粗状，基部具不定根，长10-20 厘米，直径4-15毫米。茎单一或自基部多分枝，每个分枝向上再分枝，高40-70厘米，直径4-7毫米。叶互生，椭圆形、倒卵状披针形、长椭圆形，变异较大，长2-5 (6)厘米，宽5-15毫米，先端钝或尖或渐尖，基部渐狭或呈狭楔形，全缘；侧脉羽状；叶柄极短或无；总苞叶3-5枚，椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长1.5-2.5厘米，宽4-8毫米，先端钝尖，基部近平截；伞幅3-5，长2-4厘米；苞叶2枚，常呈肾状圆形，少为卵状三角形或半圆形，变异较大，长8-14毫米，宽8-16毫米，先端圆或略呈凸尖，基部近平截或微凹或近圆形。花序单生于二歧分枝的顶端，基部无柄；总苞杯状，高3-4毫米，直径3-5毫米，边缘4裂，裂片三角形或卵状三角形，内侧具短柔毛或具极少的短柔毛，腺体4,新月形，两端具角，角尖钝或长刺芒状，变化极不稳定，以黄褐色为主，少有褐色或淡黄色或黄绿色。雄花多数，伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，子房柄伸出总苞边缘；子房光滑无毛；花柱3,分离；柱头2裂。蒴果三棱状球状，长3.5-4.0 毫米，直径4-5毫米，光滑，成熟时分裂为3个分果爿；花柱宿存，且易脱落。种子近长球状，长约2.5毫米，直径约1.5毫米，灰褐色，具不明显的纹饰；种阜无柄。花果期4-9月。
广布于全国（除内蒙古、福建、海南、台湾、西藏、青海和新疆）。生于田间、林缘、灌丛、林下、山坡、草地，生境较杂。分布于日本、朝鲜、俄罗斯（远东）。模式标本采自日本。
根状茎入药，具泻下和利尿之效；煎水外用洗疥疮；有毒，宜慎用
本种是国产大戟属中变异幅度较大的种之一，主要体现在叶的形态和腺体的两角尖锐程度；经过大量的标本鉴定，本种的识别特征是粗大的根状茎和不定根、总苞叶、果实及种子。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Euphorbia sieboldiana C. Morren & Decaisne
钩腺大戟 gou xian da ji
Euphorbia bodinieri H. Léveillé; E. erythraea Hemsley; E. esquirolii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; E. glaucopoda Diels; E. henryi Hemsley; E. hippocrepica Hemsley; E. kangdingensis W. T. Wang; E. kangdingensis var. puberula W. T. Wang; E. luticola Handel-Mazzetti; E. savaryi Kiss; E. szechuanica Pax & K. Hoffmann.
Herbs, (22-)40-70 cm tall. Rootstock extensively rhizomatous, 10-20 cm, rhizomes 4-15 mm thick, segmented/moniliform. Stems single or clustered, (2-)4-7 mm thick, often with branchlets from upper nodes, smooth and glabrous. Leaves alternate, progressively larger toward apex; stipules absent; basal scale-leaves soon lost; petiole absent or nearly so; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-lanceolate, or oblong-elliptic, very variable, 2-5(-10) × 0.5-1.5(-3) cm, glabrous, base attenuate or cuneate, (crenulate or) entire, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate; lateral veins pinnate. Inflorescence a terminal pseudumbel; primary involucral leaves 3-5(or 6), elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1.5-2.5(-4.2) cm × 0.4-0.8(-2.8) mm, base subtruncate, apex obtuse, primary rays 3-5(or 6), 2-4(-7) cm; cymes mostly dichasial, sometimes becoming monochasial; cyathophylls 2, very variable, reniform-rounded, ovate-triangular, or rounded, 0.8-1.4(-1.8) × 0.8-1.6(-3.2) cm, base very broadly cuneate, shallowly cordate, or subrounded, apex rounded. Cyathium shortly stalked; involucre cuplike, 3-4 × 3-5 mm, lobes triangular or ovate-triangular, shortly pilose inside; glands 4, mainly yellow-brown, sometimes pale yellow or yellow-green, crescent-shaped, tips extended into 2 slender horns, horns obtuse to needlelike, very variable. Male flowers many, exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary exserted from cup, smooth, glabrous; styles connate for less than 1/4 length, persistent but easily lost; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule 3-lobed, (3-)3.5-4 × 4-5 mm, smooth, glabrous. Seeds subterete-globose, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 mm, gray-brown, smooth; caruncle present, small, sessile. Fl. and fr. Apr-Sep.
Fields, scrub, forest margins, sparse forests, grasslands. Throughout China except Fujian, Hainan, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
Euphorbia sieboldiana varies very much, especially in the 2 gland horns, which are either obtuse or acute. However, plants have in common the large rhizome, involucral leaves, and capsule, as well as the seeds.
The rhizome is used medicinally.
别名：黄土大戟;长角大戟;甘泽;甘遂;甘藁;粉柄大戟;灯笼儿草;大叶山东草;长圆叶大戟;川布;苦泽;狼毒;狼毒胖子棵;马蹄大戟;猫眼根;土大戟;席氏狼毒;锥腺大戟;重泽;陵藁;大遂;甘逐;陵泽;唐泽;早春大戟;重庆甘遂;主田;鬼丑;白泽;康定大戟;
科名：大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
属名：大戟属 Euphorbia
74.钩腺大戟（中国高等植物图鉴）马蹄大戟，长角大戟，黄土大戟，粉柄大戟（云南种子植物名录），锥腺大戟（东北草本植物志），长圆叶大戟，土大戟（湖北植物志），康定大戟（云南植物研究）图版40：1-7
Euphorbia sieboldiana Morr. & Decne. in Bull. Acad. Brux. 3: 174. 1836; Bolas. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 158. 1862; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 185. 1911; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 451. 1949;中国高等植物图鉴2: 625.图2979.1972; Ohwi, Fl. Jah. 842. 1978; 湖北植物志2: 390.图1299.1979; 宁夏植物志1: 429.1986, excl. f. 418; 河南植物志2: 489.图1406-1986; J. S. Ma＆C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 118. 1992; et in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 14 (4): 370. 1992. ——E. hippocrepica Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 414. 1894; Levl. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 6: 763. 1906; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (2): 232. 1931; 云南种子植物名录1: 439.1984. ——E. erythraea Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 412. 1894; Levl. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 6: 762. 1906. ——E. henryi Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 413. 1894; Levl. in Bull. Herb. Bolas. 2, 6: 762. 1906; 湖北植物志2: 392.图1303——1979. ——E. bodinieri Levl.＆Van. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 7: 761, 1906. ——E. esquirolii Levl. & Van. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 7: 762. 1906. ——E. glaucopoda Diels in Not. Roy. Bot.Gard. Edinb. 5: 219. 1912;云南种子植物名录1: 439——1984. ——E. savaryi Kiss. In Bot. Kozl. 19: 91. 1921; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 452. 1949; 东北草本植物志6: 43. fig. 17: 1-4. 1977. ——E. szechuanica Pax＆Hoffm. in Fed. Rep. Beih 12. 433. 1922. ——E. luticola Hand, -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (2): 233. 1931, excl. syn.; 湖北植物志2: 390.1979; 云南种子植物名录1: 440.1984. 横断山维管植物1: 1064, 1993.——E. kangdingensisW. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10 (1): 43. 1988, 横断山维管植物1: 1064, 1993. ——E. kangdingensis W. T. Wang var. puberula W. T. Wang in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10 (1): 45.1988; 横断山维管植物1: 1064, 1993. ——E. rothiana auct. non Spreng: Hand. ——Mazz. Symb.. Sin.7(2): 234. 1931; 云南种子植物名录1: 441. 1984. ——E. oreophila auct non Miq.: Lauener in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 40 (3): 480. 1983.
多年生草本。根状茎较粗状，基部具不定根，长10-20 厘米，直径4-15毫米。茎单一或自基部多分枝，每个分枝向上再分枝，高40-70厘米，直径4-7毫米。叶互生，椭圆形、倒卵状披针形、长椭圆形，变异较大，长2-5 (6)厘米，宽5-15毫米，先端钝或尖或渐尖，基部渐狭或呈狭楔形，全缘；侧脉羽状；叶柄极短或无；总苞叶3-5枚，椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长1.5-2.5厘米，宽4-8毫米，先端钝尖，基部近平截；伞幅3-5，长2-4厘米；苞叶2枚，常呈肾状圆形，少为卵状三角形或半圆形，变异较大，长8-14毫米，宽8-16毫米，先端圆或略呈凸尖，基部近平截或微凹或近圆形。花序单生于二歧分枝的顶端，基部无柄；总苞杯状，高3-4毫米，直径3-5毫米，边缘4裂，裂片三角形或卵状三角形，内侧具短柔毛或具极少的短柔毛，腺体4,新月形，两端具角，角尖钝或长刺芒状，变化极不稳定，以黄褐色为主，少有褐色或淡黄色或黄绿色。雄花多数，伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，子房柄伸出总苞边缘；子房光滑无毛；花柱3,分离；柱头2裂。蒴果三棱状球状，长3.5-4.0 毫米，直径4-5毫米，光滑，成熟时分裂为3个分果爿；花柱宿存，且易脱落。种子近长球状，长约2.5毫米，直径约1.5毫米，灰褐色，具不明显的纹饰；种阜无柄。花果期4-9月。
广布于全国（除内蒙古、福建、海南、台湾、西藏、青海和新疆）。生于田间、林缘、灌丛、林下、山坡、草地，生境较杂。分布于日本、朝鲜、俄罗斯（远东）。模式标本采自日本。
根状茎入药，具泻下和利尿之效；煎水外用洗疥疮；有毒，宜慎用
本种是国产大戟属中变异幅度较大的种之一，主要体现在叶的形态和腺体的两角尖锐程度；经过大量的标本鉴定，本种的识别特征是粗大的根状茎和不定根、总苞叶、果实及种子。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Euphorbia sieboldiana C. Morren & Decaisne
钩腺大戟 gou xian da ji
Euphorbia bodinieri H. Léveillé; E. erythraea Hemsley; E. esquirolii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; E. glaucopoda Diels; E. henryi Hemsley; E. hippocrepica Hemsley; E. kangdingensis W. T. Wang; E. kangdingensis var. puberula W. T. Wang; E. luticola Handel-Mazzetti; E. savaryi Kiss; E. szechuanica Pax & K. Hoffmann.
Herbs, (22-)40-70 cm tall. Rootstock extensively rhizomatous, 10-20 cm, rhizomes 4-15 mm thick, segmented/moniliform. Stems single or clustered, (2-)4-7 mm thick, often with branchlets from upper nodes, smooth and glabrous. Leaves alternate, progressively larger toward apex; stipules absent; basal scale-leaves soon lost; petiole absent or nearly so; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-lanceolate, or oblong-elliptic, very variable, 2-5(-10) × 0.5-1.5(-3) cm, glabrous, base attenuate or cuneate, (crenulate or) entire, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate; lateral veins pinnate. Inflorescence a terminal pseudumbel; primary involucral leaves 3-5(or 6), elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 1.5-2.5(-4.2) cm × 0.4-0.8(-2.8) mm, base subtruncate, apex obtuse, primary rays 3-5(or 6), 2-4(-7) cm; cymes mostly dichasial, sometimes becoming monochasial; cyathophylls 2, very variable, reniform-rounded, ovate-triangular, or rounded, 0.8-1.4(-1.8) × 0.8-1.6(-3.2) cm, base very broadly cuneate, shallowly cordate, or subrounded, apex rounded. Cyathium shortly stalked; involucre cuplike, 3-4 × 3-5 mm, lobes triangular or ovate-triangular, shortly pilose inside; glands 4, mainly yellow-brown, sometimes pale yellow or yellow-green, crescent-shaped, tips extended into 2 slender horns, horns obtuse to needlelike, very variable. Male flowers many, exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary exserted from cup, smooth, glabrous; styles connate for less than 1/4 length, persistent but easily lost; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule 3-lobed, (3-)3.5-4 × 4-5 mm, smooth, glabrous. Seeds subterete-globose, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 mm, gray-brown, smooth; caruncle present, small, sessile. Fl. and fr. Apr-Sep.
Fields, scrub, forest margins, sparse forests, grasslands. Throughout China except Fujian, Hainan, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
Euphorbia sieboldiana varies very much, especially in the 2 gland horns, which are either obtuse or acute. However, plants have in common the large rhizome, involucral leaves, and capsule, as well as the seeds.
The rhizome is used medicinally.