一品红Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch

别名：poinsettia;圣诞红;状元红;圣诞花;圣诞树;象牙红;一片红;老来娇;圣旦树;猩猩木;

科名：大戟科 Euphorbiaceae

属名：大戟属 Euphorbia

《中国植物志》第44(3)卷063页
  26.一品红（中国高等植物图鉴）猩猩木，老来娇（俗名）图版16: 1-3
  Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch in Otto ＆ Dietr. Allgem. Gartenz. 2: 27. 1834; Boiss.in DC. Prod, 15 (2): 71. 1862; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 243. 1925; T. N. Liou in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1 (1): 8. 1931; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 618.图2966. 1972; 江苏植物志2: 412.图1405. 1982;北京植物志1: 525.图664. 1984;云南种子植物名录1: 441. 1984; A. Radcliffe-Smith in Nasir＆Ali, Fl. Pakist. 172: 115. fig. 21: A-C. 1986; 河南植物志2: 485.图1397. 1986; 福建植物志3: 223. 1987; J. S. Ma ＆ C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 102. 1992. ——Poinsettia palcherrima (Willd. ex Klotzsch) Graham in Edinb. New Philos. Journ. 20: 412. 1836; Dressler in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 48 (4): 335. 1962.
  灌木。根圆柱状，极多分枝。茎直立，高1-3 (4)米，直径1-4 (5)厘米，无毛。叶互生，卵状椭圆形、长椭圆形或披针形，长6-25厘米，宽4-10厘米，先端渐尖或急尖，基部楔形或渐狭，绿色，边缘全缘或浅裂或波状浅裂，叶面被短柔毛或无毛，叶背被柔毛；叶柄长2-5厘米，无毛；无托叶；苞叶5-7枚，狭椭圆形，长3-7厘米，宽1-2厘米，通常全缘，极少边缘浅波状分裂，朱红色；叶柄长2-6厘米。花序数个聚伞排列于枝顶；花序柄长3-4毫米；总苞坛状，淡绿色，高7-9毫米，直径6-8毫米，边缘齿状5裂，裂片三角形，无毛；腺体常1枚，极少2枚，黄色，常压扁，呈两唇状，长4-5毫米，宽约3毫米。雄花多数，常伸出总苞之外；苞片丝状，具柔毛；雌花1枚，子房柄明显伸出总苞之外，无毛；子房光滑；花柱3,中部以下合生；柱头2深裂。蒴果，三棱状圆形，长1.5-2.0 厘米，直径约1.5厘米，平滑无毛。种子卵状，长约1厘米，直径8-9毫米，灰色或淡灰色，近平滑；无种阜。花果期10至次年4月。
  原产中美洲，广泛栽培于热带和亚热带。我国绝大部分省区市均有栽培，常见于公园、植物园及温室中，供观赏。
  茎叶可入药，有消肿的功效，可治跌打损伤。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Euphorbia pulcherrima  Willdenow ex Klotzsch
一品红   yi pin hong
Poinsettia pulcherrima (Willdenow ex Klotzsch) Graham.
Shrubs to small trees, 1-3(-4) m, many branched. Stems glabrous. Leaves alternate; stipules minute, membranous, caducous; petiole 2-5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, often shallowly lobed, 6-25 × 4-10 cm, abaxially pubescent, adaxially shortly pubescent or glabrous, base attenuate, apex acuminate or acute. Cyathia in a very congested, 1-sided synflorescence, subtended by 5-7 petiolate leaflike bracts, these narrowly elliptic, 3-7 × 1-2 cm, usually entire, sometimes repand-lobed, scarlet, peduncle 3-4 mm; involucre urceolate, light green, 7-9 × 6-8 mm, lobes 5, lacerate, triangular, glabrous; glands usually 1, rarely 2, yellow, compressed, 2-lipped, 4-5 × ca. 3 mm. Male flowers many, usually exserted from involucre; bracts linear, pilose. Female flower: ovary glabrous, pedicellate, exserted from involucre, smooth; styles connate below middle; stigma deeply 2-lobed. Capsule, 3-lobed-globose, 1.5-2 × ca. 1.5 cm, smooth and glabrous. Seeds ovoid, ca. 10 × 8-9 mm, gray or light gray, subsmooth, without caruncle. Fl. and fr. Oct-Apr.
Widely cultivated and occasionally escaped and naturalized. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang; also cultivated in C and N China [native to Central America].
Euphorbia pulcherrima is cultivated worldwide on a massive scale as a potted plant.