南欧大戟Euphorbia peplus Linn.
南欧大戟Euphorbia peplus Linn.
65.南欧大戟（福建植物志）图版35：1-4
Euphorbia peplus Linn. Sp. Pl. 456, 1753; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 141. 1862; Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform., add. set. 10: 232. 1912; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 9: 103, 1920; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (2): 234. 1931; T. N. Liou in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1 (1): 7.1931; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 463. 1949; H. Keng in Taiwania 6: 47. 1955; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 842. 1978; A. Radcliffe-Smith in Nasir & Ali, Fl. Pakist. 172: 149. fig. 31: A——D. 1986; 福建植物志3: 226.1987; J. S. Ma & C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 117. 1992, et in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 15 (2): 117. 1993; 台湾植物志ed 2, 3: 463, pl. 244, 1993.
一年生草本。根纤细，长6-8厘米，直径1-2毫米，下部多分枝。茎单一或自基部多分枝，斜向上开展，高20-28厘米，直径约2毫米。叶互生，倒卵形至匙形，长1-5-4.0 厘米，宽7-18毫米，先端钝圆、平截或微凹，基部楔形，边缘自中部以上具细锯齿，常无毛；叶柄长1-3毫米或无；总苞叶3-4枚，与茎生叶同形或相似；苞叶2枚，与茎生叶同形。花序单生二歧分枝顶端，基部近无柄；总苞杯状，高与直径均约1毫米，边缘4裂，裂片钝圆，边缘具睫毛；腺体4,新月形，先端具两角，黄绿色。雄花数枚，常不伸出总苞外；雌花1枚，子房柄长2-3.5毫米，明显伸出总苞外；子房具3个纵棱，光滑无毛；花柱3，分离；柱头2裂。蒴果三棱状球形，长与直径均2-2.5毫米，无毛。种子卵棱状，长1.2-1.3毫米，直径0.7-0.8毫米，具纵棱，每个棱面上有规则排列的2-3个小孔，灰色或灰白色；种阜黄白色，盾状，无柄。花果期2-10月。
原产地中海沿岸（南欧至北非），归化于亚洲、美洲和澳大利亚；我国的台湾（台北、台中）、广东、香港、福建（厦门、福州）、广西（南宁）和云南（昆明）相继发现归化植株或种群。多生于路旁、屋旁和草地。模式标本采自欧洲。
全草外涂可治癣，故又称癣草（福建）。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Euphorbia peplus Linnaeus
南欧大戟 nan ou da ji
Esula peplus (Linnaeus) Haworth; Tithymalus peplus (Linnaeus) Gaertner.
Herbs, ephemeral, erect or ascending, 10-30 cm tall. Taproot 1-2 mm thick. Stems single or branched near base, ca. 2 mm thick, ascending. Leaves alternate, mostly uniform in size; stipules absent; scale-leaves absent; petiole 1-3 mm or almost absent; leaf blade obovate to spoon-shaped, (0.5-)1.5-4 × (0.4-)0.7-1.8 cm, pale green, usually glabrous; base cuneate below, truncate or cordate above, margin entire [or finely serrulate above middle], apex rounded; midrib inconspicuous. Inflorescence a terminal pseudumbel, rays irregularly branched, lateral branches few; primary involucral leaves 3 or 4, similar to normal leaves; primary rays 3 or 4, short; cyathophylls 2, similar to normal leaves. Cyathium subsessile; involucre cuplike, ca. 1 × 1 mm, lobes rounded, ciliate; glands 4, yellow-green, crescent-shaped, apex 2-horned, horns ± threadlike. Male flowers many, usually not exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary pedicel 2-3.5 mm, exserted from cup; ovary trigonous, smooth, glabrous; styles free; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule oblong-ovoid, 3-lobed, 2-2.5 mm, smooth with 2 narrow wings along each keel, glabrous. Seeds ovoid-angulate, 1.2-1.3 × 0.7-0.8 mm, gray or gray-white, each surface with 2 or 3 micropores; caruncle present, peltate, yellow-white, sessile. Fl. and fr. Feb-Oct.
Weed of disturbed areas, roadsides, gardens, grasslands. Fujian (Fuzhou, Xiamen), Guangxi (Nanning), Hong Kong, Taiwan (Taibei, Taizhong), Yunnan (Kunming) [N Africa, America, S Europe, Pacific islands].
别名：petty spurge;膜叶大戟;癣草;孛艾大戟;荸艾类大戟;
科名：大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
属名：大戟属 Euphorbia
65.南欧大戟（福建植物志）图版35：1-4
Euphorbia peplus Linn. Sp. Pl. 456, 1753; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 141. 1862; Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform., add. set. 10: 232. 1912; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 9: 103, 1920; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (2): 234. 1931; T. N. Liou in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1 (1): 7.1931; Prokh. in Kom. Fl. URSS 14: 463. 1949; H. Keng in Taiwania 6: 47. 1955; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 842. 1978; A. Radcliffe-Smith in Nasir & Ali, Fl. Pakist. 172: 149. fig. 31: A——D. 1986; 福建植物志3: 226.1987; J. S. Ma & C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 117. 1992, et in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 15 (2): 117. 1993; 台湾植物志ed 2, 3: 463, pl. 244, 1993.
一年生草本。根纤细，长6-8厘米，直径1-2毫米，下部多分枝。茎单一或自基部多分枝，斜向上开展，高20-28厘米，直径约2毫米。叶互生，倒卵形至匙形，长1-5-4.0 厘米，宽7-18毫米，先端钝圆、平截或微凹，基部楔形，边缘自中部以上具细锯齿，常无毛；叶柄长1-3毫米或无；总苞叶3-4枚，与茎生叶同形或相似；苞叶2枚，与茎生叶同形。花序单生二歧分枝顶端，基部近无柄；总苞杯状，高与直径均约1毫米，边缘4裂，裂片钝圆，边缘具睫毛；腺体4,新月形，先端具两角，黄绿色。雄花数枚，常不伸出总苞外；雌花1枚，子房柄长2-3.5毫米，明显伸出总苞外；子房具3个纵棱，光滑无毛；花柱3，分离；柱头2裂。蒴果三棱状球形，长与直径均2-2.5毫米，无毛。种子卵棱状，长1.2-1.3毫米，直径0.7-0.8毫米，具纵棱，每个棱面上有规则排列的2-3个小孔，灰色或灰白色；种阜黄白色，盾状，无柄。花果期2-10月。
原产地中海沿岸（南欧至北非），归化于亚洲、美洲和澳大利亚；我国的台湾（台北、台中）、广东、香港、福建（厦门、福州）、广西（南宁）和云南（昆明）相继发现归化植株或种群。多生于路旁、屋旁和草地。模式标本采自欧洲。
全草外涂可治癣，故又称癣草（福建）。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Euphorbia peplus Linnaeus
南欧大戟 nan ou da ji
Esula peplus (Linnaeus) Haworth; Tithymalus peplus (Linnaeus) Gaertner.
Herbs, ephemeral, erect or ascending, 10-30 cm tall. Taproot 1-2 mm thick. Stems single or branched near base, ca. 2 mm thick, ascending. Leaves alternate, mostly uniform in size; stipules absent; scale-leaves absent; petiole 1-3 mm or almost absent; leaf blade obovate to spoon-shaped, (0.5-)1.5-4 × (0.4-)0.7-1.8 cm, pale green, usually glabrous; base cuneate below, truncate or cordate above, margin entire [or finely serrulate above middle], apex rounded; midrib inconspicuous. Inflorescence a terminal pseudumbel, rays irregularly branched, lateral branches few; primary involucral leaves 3 or 4, similar to normal leaves; primary rays 3 or 4, short; cyathophylls 2, similar to normal leaves. Cyathium subsessile; involucre cuplike, ca. 1 × 1 mm, lobes rounded, ciliate; glands 4, yellow-green, crescent-shaped, apex 2-horned, horns ± threadlike. Male flowers many, usually not exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary pedicel 2-3.5 mm, exserted from cup; ovary trigonous, smooth, glabrous; styles free; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule oblong-ovoid, 3-lobed, 2-2.5 mm, smooth with 2 narrow wings along each keel, glabrous. Seeds ovoid-angulate, 1.2-1.3 × 0.7-0.8 mm, gray or gray-white, each surface with 2 or 3 micropores; caruncle present, peltate, yellow-white, sessile. Fl. and fr. Feb-Oct.
Weed of disturbed areas, roadsides, gardens, grasslands. Fujian (Fuzhou, Xiamen), Guangxi (Nanning), Hong Kong, Taiwan (Taibei, Taizhong), Yunnan (Kunming) [N Africa, America, S Europe, Pacific islands].