猩猩草Euphorbia cyathophora Murr.
猩猩草Euphorbia cyathophora Murr.
27.猩猩草（海南植物志）草一品红（云南种子植物名录）图版17：1-4
Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. Comm. Getting. 7: 81. 1786; Huft in Ann. Miss. Bet. Gard. 71: 1022. 1984; A. Radcliffe-Smith in Nasir＆Ali, Fl. Pakist. 172: 113. fig. 22. F-J. 1986; Lin＆Hsieh in Taiwania 36 (1): 73. fig. 12. 1991; J. S. Ma & C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 102. 1992.台湾植物志ed 2, 3: 458, pl. 240, 1993.——Poinssettia cyathophora (Murr.) Klotzsch＆Garcke, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin 1859: 253.1859; Dressler in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 48: 338. 1962. ——E. heterophylla auct. non Linn.: 海南植物志2: 186. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 619.图2967. 1972; 湖北植物志2: 388.图1297. 1979; 江苏植物志2: 415.图1414. 1982; 北京植物志1 526.图665. 1984;云南种子植物名录1: 439. 1984;河南植物志2: 486.图1399. 1986;福建植物志3: 223.图153. 1987.
一年生或多年生草本。根圆柱状，长30-50厘米，直径2-7毫米，基部有时木质化。茎直立，上部多分枝，高可达1米，直径3-8毫米，光滑无毛。叶互生，卵形、椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，先端尖或圆，基部渐狭，长3-10厘米，宽1-5厘米，边缘波状分裂或具波状齿或全缘，无毛；叶柄长1一3厘米；总苞叶与茎生叶同形，较小，长2-5厘米，宽1-2厘米，淡红色或仅基部红色。花序单生，数枚聚伞状排列于分枝顶端，总苞钟状，绿色，高5-6毫米，直径3-5毫米，边缘5裂，裂片三角形，常呈齿状分裂；腺体常1枚，偶2枚，扁杯状，近两唇形，黄色。雄花多枚，常伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，子房柄明显伸出总苞处；子房三棱状球形，光滑无毛；花柱3，分离；柱头2钱裂。蒴果，三棱状球形，长4. 5-5.0毫米，直径3.5-4.0 毫米，无毛；成熟时分裂为3个分果瓣。种子卵状椭圆形，长2.5-3.0毫米，直径2-2.5毫米，褐色至黑色，具不规则的小突起；无种阜。花果期5-11月。
原产中南美洲，归化于旧大陆；广泛栽培于我国大部分省区市，常见于公园，植物园及温室中，用于观赏。
据Dressler (1962)考证，种加词cyathophora和heterophylla所代表的类群完全不同：前者总苞叶淡红色或基部红色；腺体压扁，近二唇形；叶两面无毛；果无毛；种子具不明显的疣扶突起；后者总苞叶绿色或基部白色；腺体圆形；叶两面被毛；果被柔毛；种子明显具疣。因此，我国目前文献中所记栽的植物学名应是E. cyathophora。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray
猩猩草 xing xing cao
Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus f. cyathophora (Murray) Voss; E. heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Grisebach.
Herbs, annual, shrubby, erect to 1 m tall. Stems glabrous, hollow. Leaves alternate; stipules brownish glands; petiole to 1.5 cm, pilose; leaf blade lanceolate in outline, violin-shaped, to 10 × 5 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin shallowly and irregularly toothed, apex obtuse. Inflorescence a terminal cyme forking ca. 4 times, cyathia densely clustered; basal bracts similar to leaves but with a bright orange-red blotch at base, upper bracts progressively smaller, more lanceolate, subsessile, entirely red. Cyathia ca. 3.5 × 3 mm; involucre barrel-shaped, glabrous, lobes ca. 1.5 × 1.5 mm, rounded, margin deeply and bluntly toothed; glands 1(or 2), funnel-shaped, opening transversely elliptic, ca. 2 mm wide. Male flowers: bracteoles ligulate, feathery; stamens ca. 4 mm. Female flower: ovary pedicellate, glabrous; styles ca. 2 mm, bifid almost to base. Fruiting pedicel reflexed to 5.5 mm; capsule deeply 3-lobed, ca. 4 × 5 mm. Seeds ovoid-conical, ca. 2.8 × 2.2 mm, apex acute; seed coat sharply warty, blackish brown. Fl. and fr. May-Nov. 2n = ?56.
Cultivated, sometimes naturalized. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to America; naturalized in the Old World].
There has been much confusion in the literature between this and the following species, Euphorbia heterophylla.
别名：fire on the mountain;草本一品红;草一品红;草本象牙红;一品红;细叶叶上花;箭叶叶上花;红半叶;红叶叶上花;叶像花;
科名：大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
属名：大戟属 Euphorbia
27.猩猩草（海南植物志）草一品红（云南种子植物名录）图版17：1-4
Euphorbia cyathophora Murr. Comm. Getting. 7: 81. 1786; Huft in Ann. Miss. Bet. Gard. 71: 1022. 1984; A. Radcliffe-Smith in Nasir＆Ali, Fl. Pakist. 172: 113. fig. 22. F-J. 1986; Lin＆Hsieh in Taiwania 36 (1): 73. fig. 12. 1991; J. S. Ma & C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 102. 1992.台湾植物志ed 2, 3: 458, pl. 240, 1993.——Poinssettia cyathophora (Murr.) Klotzsch＆Garcke, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin 1859: 253.1859; Dressler in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 48: 338. 1962. ——E. heterophylla auct. non Linn.: 海南植物志2: 186. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 619.图2967. 1972; 湖北植物志2: 388.图1297. 1979; 江苏植物志2: 415.图1414. 1982; 北京植物志1 526.图665. 1984;云南种子植物名录1: 439. 1984;河南植物志2: 486.图1399. 1986;福建植物志3: 223.图153. 1987.
一年生或多年生草本。根圆柱状，长30-50厘米，直径2-7毫米，基部有时木质化。茎直立，上部多分枝，高可达1米，直径3-8毫米，光滑无毛。叶互生，卵形、椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，先端尖或圆，基部渐狭，长3-10厘米，宽1-5厘米，边缘波状分裂或具波状齿或全缘，无毛；叶柄长1一3厘米；总苞叶与茎生叶同形，较小，长2-5厘米，宽1-2厘米，淡红色或仅基部红色。花序单生，数枚聚伞状排列于分枝顶端，总苞钟状，绿色，高5-6毫米，直径3-5毫米，边缘5裂，裂片三角形，常呈齿状分裂；腺体常1枚，偶2枚，扁杯状，近两唇形，黄色。雄花多枚，常伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，子房柄明显伸出总苞处；子房三棱状球形，光滑无毛；花柱3，分离；柱头2钱裂。蒴果，三棱状球形，长4. 5-5.0毫米，直径3.5-4.0 毫米，无毛；成熟时分裂为3个分果瓣。种子卵状椭圆形，长2.5-3.0毫米，直径2-2.5毫米，褐色至黑色，具不规则的小突起；无种阜。花果期5-11月。
原产中南美洲，归化于旧大陆；广泛栽培于我国大部分省区市，常见于公园，植物园及温室中，用于观赏。
据Dressler (1962)考证，种加词cyathophora和heterophylla所代表的类群完全不同：前者总苞叶淡红色或基部红色；腺体压扁，近二唇形；叶两面无毛；果无毛；种子具不明显的疣扶突起；后者总苞叶绿色或基部白色；腺体圆形；叶两面被毛；果被柔毛；种子明显具疣。因此，我国目前文献中所记栽的植物学名应是E. cyathophora。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray
猩猩草 xing xing cao
Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus f. cyathophora (Murray) Voss; E. heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Grisebach.
Herbs, annual, shrubby, erect to 1 m tall. Stems glabrous, hollow. Leaves alternate; stipules brownish glands; petiole to 1.5 cm, pilose; leaf blade lanceolate in outline, violin-shaped, to 10 × 5 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin shallowly and irregularly toothed, apex obtuse. Inflorescence a terminal cyme forking ca. 4 times, cyathia densely clustered; basal bracts similar to leaves but with a bright orange-red blotch at base, upper bracts progressively smaller, more lanceolate, subsessile, entirely red. Cyathia ca. 3.5 × 3 mm; involucre barrel-shaped, glabrous, lobes ca. 1.5 × 1.5 mm, rounded, margin deeply and bluntly toothed; glands 1(or 2), funnel-shaped, opening transversely elliptic, ca. 2 mm wide. Male flowers: bracteoles ligulate, feathery; stamens ca. 4 mm. Female flower: ovary pedicellate, glabrous; styles ca. 2 mm, bifid almost to base. Fruiting pedicel reflexed to 5.5 mm; capsule deeply 3-lobed, ca. 4 × 5 mm. Seeds ovoid-conical, ca. 2.8 × 2.2 mm, apex acute; seed coat sharply warty, blackish brown. Fl. and fr. May-Nov. 2n = ?56.
Cultivated, sometimes naturalized. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to America; naturalized in the Old World].
There has been much confusion in the literature between this and the following species, Euphorbia heterophylla.