黄桐Endospermum chinense Benth.
黄桐Endospermum chinense Benth.
1.黄桐（种子植物名称）黄虫树 图版48: 1-6
Endospermum chinense Benth. Fl. Hongk. 304. 1861; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 1131. 1866; Pax et Hofim. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 52 (IV. 147. IV): 35. 1912; 海南植物志2: 178,图392. 1965; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: 258. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 613, 图2956. 1972.
乔木，高6-20米，树皮灰褐色；嫩枝、花序和果均密被灰黄色星状微柔毛；小枝的毛渐脱落，叶痕明显，灰白色。叶薄革质，椭圆形至卵圆形，长8-20厘米，宽4-14厘米，顶端短尖至钝圆形，基部阔楔形、钝圆、截平至浅心形，全缘，两面近无毛或下面被疏生微星状毛，基部有2枚球形腺体；侧脉5-7对；叶柄长4-9厘米；托叶三角状卵形，长3-4毫米，具毛。花序生于枝条近顶部叶腋，雄花序长10-20厘米，雌花序长6-10厘米，苞片卵形，长1-2毫米；雄花花萼杯状，有4-5枚浅圆齿；雄蕊5-12枚，2-3轮，生于长约4毫米的突起花托上，花丝长约1毫米；雌花：花萼杯状，长约2毫米，具3-5枚波状浅裂，被毛，宿存；花盘环状，2-4齿裂；子房近球形，被微绒毛，2-3室，花柱短，柱头盘状。果近球形，直径约10毫米，果皮稍肉质；种子椭圆形，长约7毫米。花期5-8月，果期8-11月。
产于福建南部、广东、海南、广西和云南南部。生于海拔600米以下山地常绿林中。印度东北部、缅甸、泰国、越南也有分布。模式标本采自香港。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Endospermum chinense Bentham
黄桐 huang tong
Trees 6-35 m tall; bark gray-brown; young branches, inflorescences, and fruits densely gray-yellow stellate-puberulent; branchlets stout, gray-brown, glabrescent, leaf scars prominent, gray-white. Stipules triangular-ovate, 3-4 mm, hairy; petiole 4-9 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, broadly ovate, or rotund, 8-20 × 4-14 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces subglabrous or abaxially only sparsely stellate-hairy, base broadly cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate, basal glands 2, globose, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse; lateral veins 5-7. Inflorescences axillary, male 10-20 cm, female 6-10 cm; bracts ovate, 1-2 mm. Male flowers: calyx cupular, with 4 or 5 shallow crenulations; stamens 5-12, in 2 or 3 series, inserted in elevated receptacle; filaments ca. 1 mm. Female flowers: calyx cupular, ca. 2 mm, undulately 3-5-lobed, hairy, persistent; disk annular, 2-4-serrate-lobed; ovary subglobose, tomentulose, 2- or 3-locular; styles very short, stigmatiform, confluent into a disk. Fruits subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Seeds ellipsoid, ca. 7 mm. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Nov.
Evergreen forests; below 800 m. S Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
别名：大树跌打;黄虫树;
科名：大戟科 Euphorbiaceae
属名：黄桐属 Endospermum
1.黄桐（种子植物名称）黄虫树 图版48: 1-6
Endospermum chinense Benth. Fl. Hongk. 304. 1861; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 1131. 1866; Pax et Hofim. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 52 (IV. 147. IV): 35. 1912; 海南植物志2: 178,图392. 1965; Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 26: 258. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 613, 图2956. 1972.
乔木，高6-20米，树皮灰褐色；嫩枝、花序和果均密被灰黄色星状微柔毛；小枝的毛渐脱落，叶痕明显，灰白色。叶薄革质，椭圆形至卵圆形，长8-20厘米，宽4-14厘米，顶端短尖至钝圆形，基部阔楔形、钝圆、截平至浅心形，全缘，两面近无毛或下面被疏生微星状毛，基部有2枚球形腺体；侧脉5-7对；叶柄长4-9厘米；托叶三角状卵形，长3-4毫米，具毛。花序生于枝条近顶部叶腋，雄花序长10-20厘米，雌花序长6-10厘米，苞片卵形，长1-2毫米；雄花花萼杯状，有4-5枚浅圆齿；雄蕊5-12枚，2-3轮，生于长约4毫米的突起花托上，花丝长约1毫米；雌花：花萼杯状，长约2毫米，具3-5枚波状浅裂，被毛，宿存；花盘环状，2-4齿裂；子房近球形，被微绒毛，2-3室，花柱短，柱头盘状。果近球形，直径约10毫米，果皮稍肉质；种子椭圆形，长约7毫米。花期5-8月，果期8-11月。
产于福建南部、广东、海南、广西和云南南部。生于海拔600米以下山地常绿林中。印度东北部、缅甸、泰国、越南也有分布。模式标本采自香港。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Endospermum chinense Bentham
黄桐 huang tong
Trees 6-35 m tall; bark gray-brown; young branches, inflorescences, and fruits densely gray-yellow stellate-puberulent; branchlets stout, gray-brown, glabrescent, leaf scars prominent, gray-white. Stipules triangular-ovate, 3-4 mm, hairy; petiole 4-9 cm; leaf blade elliptic, ovate, broadly ovate, or rotund, 8-20 × 4-14 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces subglabrous or abaxially only sparsely stellate-hairy, base broadly cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate, basal glands 2, globose, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse; lateral veins 5-7. Inflorescences axillary, male 10-20 cm, female 6-10 cm; bracts ovate, 1-2 mm. Male flowers: calyx cupular, with 4 or 5 shallow crenulations; stamens 5-12, in 2 or 3 series, inserted in elevated receptacle; filaments ca. 1 mm. Female flowers: calyx cupular, ca. 2 mm, undulately 3-5-lobed, hairy, persistent; disk annular, 2-4-serrate-lobed; ovary subglobose, tomentulose, 2- or 3-locular; styles very short, stigmatiform, confluent into a disk. Fruits subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Seeds ellipsoid, ca. 7 mm. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Nov.
Evergreen forests; below 800 m. S Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].