栏目

大武杜鹃Rhododendron tashiroi Maxim.

大武杜鹃Rhododendron tashiroi Maxim.

别名:塔西洛杜鹃;

科名:杜鹃花科 Ericaceae

属名:杜鹃属 Rhododendron

《中国植物志》第57(2)卷435页
  349.大武杜鹃(台湾植物志)塔西洛杜鹃(中国植物学会杂志)图版135:7-11
  Rhododendron tashiroi Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. ser. 3, 31: 164. (in Mel. Biol. 12: 489.) 1887; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 31. 1889; Wils: in Journ. Arn. Arb. 6: 171. 1925; Rehd. in Stevenson, Spec. Rhodod. 123. 1930; Fang in Journ. Bot. Soc. China 2(2): 607. 1935; Kanehira, Form. Trees rev. ed. 551. Pl. 509. 1936; 台湾植物志4: 38. 1978.
  常绿灌木,高1.5-4米,稀达6米;分枝多,纤细,幼枝疏被棕褐色柔毛,后近于无毛。叶革质,2-3枚轮生枝端,椭圆状倒卵形或菱状倒卵形至长圆状倒卵形或长圆状椭圆形,长3.2-6.4厘米,宽1-3.4厘米,先端急尖或短渐尖,基部宽楔形,边缘有细齿,初时两面被扁平灰褐色毛,不久上面无毛,亮绿色,有皱纹,中脉在上面下凹,下面除凸起的中脉被毛外,其余无毛;叶柄长3-6毫米,密被贴伏的扁平棕褐色毛。花芽卵球形,鳞片阔卵状圆形,先端微具尖头,沿中脉或向顶端具糙伏毛,其余无毛。伞形花序具花2-5朵;花梗长6-12毫米,密被扁平亮灰褐色柔毛;花萼具5小齿,被棕褐色柔毛;花冠淡玫瑰紫色,钟状漏斗形,长和宽均为2.5-3.5厘米,裂片5,开展,长圆形或顶端有凹缺,具深紫色斑点,比花冠管短,无毛;雄蕊10,稀12,不等长,与花冠近于等长,花丝无毛;子房卵球形,长3毫米,密被亮灰褐色贴伏柔毛,花柱向先端变粗,无毛。蒴果狭卵球形,长9-13毫米,密被扁平棕褐色毛。
  产我国台湾西南部(大武山有记录)。生于海拔500米的常绿阔叶林林缘。日本南部的九州至琉球群岛也有分布。
形态特征:常绿灌木, 高1.5—4米,稀达6米;分枝多,纤细,幼枝疏被棕褐色柔毛,后近于无毛。叶革质,2—3枚轮生枝端,椭圆状倒卵形或菱状倒卵形至长圆状倒卵形或长圆状椭圆形,长3.2—6.4厘米,宽1—3.4厘米,先端急尖或短渐尖,基部宽楔形,边缘有细锯齿,初时两面被扁平灰褐色毛,不久上面无毛,亮绿色,有皱纹,中脉在上面F凹,下面除凸起的中脉被毛外,其余无毛; 叶柄长 3—6毫米,密被贴伏的扁平棕褐色毛。花芽卵球形,鳞片阔卵状圆形,先端微具尖头,沿中脉或向顶端具糙伏毛,其余无毛。伞形花序具花1—5朵;花梗长6—11毫米,密被扁平亮灰褐色柔毛;花萼具5小齿,被棕褐色柔毛;花冠淡玫瑰紫色,钟状漏斗形,长和宽均为2.5—3.5厘米,裂片5,开展,长圆形或顶端有凹缺,具深紫色斑点, 比花冠管短,无毛:雄蕊10,稀12,不等长,与花冠近于等长,花丝无毛; 子房卵球形, 长3毫米, 密被亮灰褐色贴伏柔毛, 花柱向先端变粗,无毛。蒴果狭卵球形,长9—13毫米,密被扁平棕褐色毛。
产地分布:产我国台湾西南部(大武山有记录)。生于海拔500米的常绿阔叶林林缘。日本南部的九州至琉球群岛也有分布。
参考文献:Rhododendron tashkoi Maxim. In Bull. Acad.Sci. St Pstersb. Ser.3, 31:164. (in Md.Biol. 12:489.) 1887;Hemsl.In Journ.Linn.Soc. Bot. 26:31. 1889; Wils: in Journ. Am. Arb. 6:171. 1925;Rehd.In Stevenson, Spec. Rhodod. 123. 1930;Fang in Joum. Bot.Soc.China 2(2):607. 1935;Kanehira,Form. Trees rev.Ed.551.P1.509. 1936;台湾植物志4:38.1978.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Rhododendron tashiroi  Maximowicz
大武杜鹃   da wu du juan
Shrubs, 1.5–4(–6) m tall; young shoots sparsely brown pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 3–6 mm. Leaf blade leathery, elliptic-obovate or rhombic-obovate to oblong-obovate or oblong-elliptic, 3.2–6.4 × 1–3.4 cm; base broadly cuneate; margin finely serrate; apex acute and mucronate; both surfaces with flat brown hairs; abaxial surface with hairs restricted to midrib, otherwise glabrous; adaxial surface glabrescent. Inflorescence 2–5-flowered. Pedicel 0.6–1.2 cm, densely shiny brown pubescent, hairs flat; calyx with 5 small teeth, brown pubescent; corolla funnel-campanulate, pale rose-purple, lobes with dark purple flecks, 2.5–3.5 × 2.5–3.5 cm; lobes spreading, oblong, shorter than the tube, glabrous, emarginate; stamens 10(–12), unequal, as long as the corolla, filaments glabrous; ovary ovoid, ca. 3 mm, densely shiny gray-brown appressed-pubescent; style becoming wider at apex, glabrous. Capsule narrowly ovate, 9–13 mm, densely brown-hairy, hairs flat.
Evergreen broad-leaved forest margins; ca. 1500 m. SW Taiwan [Japan (including Ryukyu Islands)].

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