白花杜鹃Rhododendron mucronatum (Blume) G. Don
白花杜鹃Rhododendron mucronatum (Blume) G. Don
291.白花杜鹃（中国高等植物图鉴）尖叶杜鹃（中国植物学会杂志），白杜鹃（广州植物志）图版125: 1-5
Rhododendron mucronatum (Blume) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 846. 1834; Wils. in Wils. et Rehd. , Monog. Azal. 68. 1921; Rehd. in Stevenson, Spec Rhodod. 92. 1930; Fang in Journ. Bot. Soc. China 2(2): 618. 1935; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学952. 1937; Fang in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China Bot. 12: 8. 1939; 广州植物志466. 1956; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 154. 图4262. 1974; Chamb. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 35: 261. 1977; 华南杜鹃花志39. 1983; 云南植物志4: 448. 1986; 中国四川杜鹃花340. 1986.——Azalea rosmarinifolia Burm. Fl. Ind. 43, t. 3. f. 3. 1768. ——A. mucronata Blume in Cat. Gewass. Buitenz. 44. 1823; Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. 853. 1925.——A. indica var. alba Lindl. in Bot. Mag. Res. 10: t. 811. 1824. ——R. ledifolium G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 846. 1834; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 27. 1889.——R. argyi Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. 12: 102. 1903 et in Mem. Real Acad. Cienc. Arts Barcelona, ser. 2. 12: 550. 1916.
半常绿灌木，高1-2（-3）米；幼枝开展，分枝多，密被灰褐色开展的长柔毛，混生少数腺毛。叶纸质，披针形至卵状披针形或长圆状披针形，长2-6厘米，宽0.5-1.8厘米，先端钝尖至圆形，基部楔形，上面深绿色，疏被灰褐色贴生长糙伏毛，混生短腺毛，中脉、侧脉及细脉在上面凹陷，在下面凸出或明显可见；叶柄长2-4毫米，密被灰褐色扁平长糙伏毛和短腺毛。伞形花序顶生，具花1-3朵；花梗长达1.5厘米，密被淡黄褐色长柔毛和腺头毛；花萼大，绿色，裂片5，披针形，长1.2厘米，密被腺状短柔毛；花冠白色，有时淡红色，阔漏斗形，长3-4.5厘米，5深裂，裂片椭圆状卵形，长约与花冠管等长，无毛，也无紫斑；雄蕊10，不等长，花丝中部以下被微柔毛；子房卵球形，5室，长4毫米，直径2毫米，密被刚毛状糙伏毛和腺头毛，花柱伸出花冠外很长，无毛。蒴果圆锥状卵球形，长约1厘米。花期4-5月，果期6-7月。
产江苏、浙江、江西、福建、广东、广西、四川和云南。各大城市常见栽培；日本、越南、印度尼西亚、英国、美国广泛引种栽培。
本种与锦绣杜鹃 R. pulchrum Sweet 相似，但不同在于后者的幼枝、花梗、花萼裂片均无腺头毛；花冠蔷薇紫色，具深红色斑点，易于区别。
形态特征：半常绿灌木，叶纸质，花纯白，和芳香，蒴果长1厘米，短于花萼。
分 布：各地均有
生 境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：止咳、固精、止带
药用主治：止咳、固精、止带
《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Rhododendron mucronatum (Blume) G. Don
白花杜鹃 bai hua du juan
Shrubs, semievergreen, 1–2(–3) m tall; young shoots spreading; branches many, densely gray-brown villous, also with a few glandular hairs. Summer and winter leaves different. Petiole 2–4 mm, densely long-strigose, hairs flat, and shortly glandular-hairy; leaf blade papery, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2–6 × 0.5–1.8 cm; base cuneate; apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 1–3-flowered. Pedicel to 1.5 cm, densely yellowish brown-villous, also glandular-hairy; calyx lobes 5, lanceolate, ca. 12 mm, densely glandular-pubescent; corolla broadly funnelform, deeply 5-lobed, white, occasionally pale red, without purple flecks, 3–4.5 cm, lobes elliptic-ovate, as long as tube, glabrous; stamens 10, unequal, filaments puberulent below; ovary ovoid, ca. 4 × 2 mm, 5-locular, densely coarsely appressed-glandular-setose; style very long-exserted, glabrous. Capsule conical ovoid, ca. 10 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
Cultivated in many places in E and S Sichuan and in many parks in China. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [of cultivated origin].
This species was described from a cultivated plant that may represent an albino form of the Japanese Rhododendron mucronatum var. ripense (Makino) E. H. Wilson; the latter differs in having rose-pink flowers.
别名：白杜鹃花;白花艳山红;毛鹃;春鹃;迎红杜鹃;毛白杜鹃;尖叶杜鹃;白杜鹃;白花映山红;山映山红;映山红;蓝荆子;杜鹃花;白映山红;
科名：杜鹃花科 Ericaceae
属名：杜鹃属 Rhododendron
291.白花杜鹃（中国高等植物图鉴）尖叶杜鹃（中国植物学会杂志），白杜鹃（广州植物志）图版125: 1-5
Rhododendron mucronatum (Blume) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 846. 1834; Wils. in Wils. et Rehd. , Monog. Azal. 68. 1921; Rehd. in Stevenson, Spec Rhodod. 92. 1930; Fang in Journ. Bot. Soc. China 2(2): 618. 1935; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学952. 1937; Fang in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China Bot. 12: 8. 1939; 广州植物志466. 1956; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 154. 图4262. 1974; Chamb. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 35: 261. 1977; 华南杜鹃花志39. 1983; 云南植物志4: 448. 1986; 中国四川杜鹃花340. 1986.——Azalea rosmarinifolia Burm. Fl. Ind. 43, t. 3. f. 3. 1768. ——A. mucronata Blume in Cat. Gewass. Buitenz. 44. 1823; Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. 853. 1925.——A. indica var. alba Lindl. in Bot. Mag. Res. 10: t. 811. 1824. ——R. ledifolium G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 846. 1834; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 27. 1889.——R. argyi Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. 12: 102. 1903 et in Mem. Real Acad. Cienc. Arts Barcelona, ser. 2. 12: 550. 1916.
半常绿灌木，高1-2（-3）米；幼枝开展，分枝多，密被灰褐色开展的长柔毛，混生少数腺毛。叶纸质，披针形至卵状披针形或长圆状披针形，长2-6厘米，宽0.5-1.8厘米，先端钝尖至圆形，基部楔形，上面深绿色，疏被灰褐色贴生长糙伏毛，混生短腺毛，中脉、侧脉及细脉在上面凹陷，在下面凸出或明显可见；叶柄长2-4毫米，密被灰褐色扁平长糙伏毛和短腺毛。伞形花序顶生，具花1-3朵；花梗长达1.5厘米，密被淡黄褐色长柔毛和腺头毛；花萼大，绿色，裂片5，披针形，长1.2厘米，密被腺状短柔毛；花冠白色，有时淡红色，阔漏斗形，长3-4.5厘米，5深裂，裂片椭圆状卵形，长约与花冠管等长，无毛，也无紫斑；雄蕊10，不等长，花丝中部以下被微柔毛；子房卵球形，5室，长4毫米，直径2毫米，密被刚毛状糙伏毛和腺头毛，花柱伸出花冠外很长，无毛。蒴果圆锥状卵球形，长约1厘米。花期4-5月，果期6-7月。
产江苏、浙江、江西、福建、广东、广西、四川和云南。各大城市常见栽培；日本、越南、印度尼西亚、英国、美国广泛引种栽培。
本种与锦绣杜鹃 R. pulchrum Sweet 相似，但不同在于后者的幼枝、花梗、花萼裂片均无腺头毛；花冠蔷薇紫色，具深红色斑点，易于区别。
形态特征：半常绿灌木，叶纸质，花纯白，和芳香，蒴果长1厘米，短于花萼。
分 布：各地均有
生 境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习 性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：止咳、固精、止带
药用主治：止咳、固精、止带
《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Rhododendron mucronatum (Blume) G. Don
白花杜鹃 bai hua du juan
Shrubs, semievergreen, 1–2(–3) m tall; young shoots spreading; branches many, densely gray-brown villous, also with a few glandular hairs. Summer and winter leaves different. Petiole 2–4 mm, densely long-strigose, hairs flat, and shortly glandular-hairy; leaf blade papery, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2–6 × 0.5–1.8 cm; base cuneate; apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescence 1–3-flowered. Pedicel to 1.5 cm, densely yellowish brown-villous, also glandular-hairy; calyx lobes 5, lanceolate, ca. 12 mm, densely glandular-pubescent; corolla broadly funnelform, deeply 5-lobed, white, occasionally pale red, without purple flecks, 3–4.5 cm, lobes elliptic-ovate, as long as tube, glabrous; stamens 10, unequal, filaments puberulent below; ovary ovoid, ca. 4 × 2 mm, 5-locular, densely coarsely appressed-glandular-setose; style very long-exserted, glabrous. Capsule conical ovoid, ca. 10 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
Cultivated in many places in E and S Sichuan and in many parks in China. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [of cultivated origin].
This species was described from a cultivated plant that may represent an albino form of the Japanese Rhododendron mucronatum var. ripense (Makino) E. H. Wilson; the latter differs in having rose-pink flowers.