栏目

毛花杜鹃Rhododendron hypenanthum Balf. F.

毛花杜鹃Rhododendron hypenanthum Balf. F.

别名:

科名:杜鹃花科 Ericaceae

属名:杜鹃属 Rhododendron

《中国植物志》第57(1)卷178页
  157. 毛花杜鹃(中国高等植物图鉴)
  Rhododendron hypenanthum Balf. f. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 9: 291. 1916; Bean, Trees and Shrubs, 3: 386. 1922; Huthch. in Stevenson, Spec. Rhodod. 201. 1930; Cowan et Davidian in R. H. S. Rhodod. Year Book, 2: 71. 1947; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 73. 图4100. 1974; Davidian, Rhodod. Spec. 1: 56. 1982;西藏植物志671. 图269, 4. 1986. ——R. anthopogon D. Don subsp. hypenanthum (Balf. f. ) Cullen in Not Bot. Gard. Edinb. 37: 327. 1979.
  常绿小灌木,高30-80(-95)厘米。分枝短而细挺,被小刚毛和鳞片;叶芽鳞宿存,常数年不落。叶革质,芳香,椭圆形、长圆状椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形,长(1.2-)2.5-3.5(-4.2)厘米,宽0.6-1.6(-2)厘米,顶端圆或钝,具小短尖,但常反折呈缺刻状,基部圆或宽楔形,上面无鳞片,光滑,暗绿色,有光泽,下面密被暗红褐色一式鳞片,2-3层排列;叶柄长约3-7毫米,被鳞片。花序顶生,近伞形,有花5-7(-10 )朵,花芽鳞宿存;花梗长约2-4毫米,被鳞片;花萼发达,长2-4毫米,5深裂,裂片椭圆形或卵状披针形,外面被鳞片,边缘被密睫毛;花冠狭筒状漏斗形,长约1.2-1.9厘米,浅黄至深黄、奶黄或柠檬色,外面无鳞片,裂片5,开展,近圆形,约与花管等长,内面喉部有密髯毛;雄蕊5-6(-8)枚,内藏于花管,花丝纤细,光滑;子房长约1毫米,较雄蕊短,花柱短而粗,与子房等长或稍较长,棍棒状,光滑。蒴果卵圆形,长3-5毫米,被鳞片,被包于宿存的花萼内。花期5-7月,果期8-9月。
  产西藏南部和东南部。生于山坡灌丛中,常为高山杜鹃灌丛内优势种,海拔3 500-4 500(-5 200)米。尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、印度也有。
形态特征:常绿小灌木,高30—80(--95)厘米。分枝短而细挺,被小刚毛和鳞片;叶芽鳞 宿存,常数年不落。叶革质,芳香,椭圆形、长圆状椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形,长(1.2--)2.5—3.5(--4.2)厘米,宽0.6—1.6(--2)厘米,顶端圆或钝,具小短尖,但 常反折呈缺刻状,基部圆或宽楔形,上面无鳞片,光滑,暗绿色,有光泽,下面密被暗 红褐色一式鳞片,2--3层排列;叶柄长约3—7毫米,被鳞片。花序顶生,近伞形,有 花5—7(--10)朵,花芽鳞宿存;花梗长约2—4毫米,被鳞片;花萼发达,长2--4 毫米,5深裂,裂片椭圆形或卵状披针形,外面被鳞片,边缘被密睫毛;花冠狭简状漏 斗形,长约1.2—1.9厘米,浅黄至深黄、奶黄或柠檬色,外面无鳞片,裂片5,开展, 近圆形,约与花管等长,内面喉部有密髯毛;雄蕊5--6(--8)枚,内藏于花管,花丝 纤细,光滑;子房长约1毫米,较雄蕊短,花柱短而粗,与子房等长或稍较长,棍棒 状,光滑。蒴果卵圆形,长3—5毫米,被鳞片,被包于宿存的花萼内。 花期5—7 月,果期8—9月。
产地分布:产西藏南部和东南部。生于山坡灌丛中,常为高山杜鹃灌丛内优势种,海拔 3 500--4 500(--5 200)米。尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、印度也有。
参考文献:Rhododendron hypenanthum Balf.F.In Not.Bot.Gard.Edinb.9:291.1916; Bean,Trees and Shrubs,3:386.1922;Huthch.In Stevenson,Spec.Rhodod.201. 1930;Cowan et Davidian in R.H.S.Rhodod.Year Book,2:71.1947;中国高等植 物图鉴3:73.图4100.1974;Davidian,Rhodod.Spec.1:56.1982;西藏植物志 671.图269,4.1986.——R,anthopogon D.Don subsp.Hypenanthum (Balf.F.) Cullen in Not Bot.Gard.Edinb.37:327.1979.
亚组概述:Subsect.Baileya Sleurner in Bot.Jahrb.74:531. 1949.——Ser.Lepidotum sensu Hutch.In Stevenson,Spec.Rhodod.437.1930,pro parte---Ser.Lepidotum subser.Baileyi Davidian,Rhodod.Spec.1:218.1982.常绿小灌木。叶下面密被鳞片,鳞片一式大小,片状,相重叠,边缘有细钝齿。花 序顶生,短总状,有花5—10(--18)朵;花梗细长,长于花冠;花冠辐状;雄蕊10, 花丝被毛;子房5室,密被鳞片,花柱短而粗,强度弯弓。蒴果小,种子无翅、被不明 显的鳍纹。 亚组的模式种:辐花杜鹃Rhododendron baileyi Balf.F. 本亚组仅1种,产东喜马拉雅山区。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Rhododendron hypenanthum  I. B. Balfour
毛花杜鹃   mao hua du juan
Small shrubs, 0.3–0.8(–0.95) m tall; branchlets short, scaly, setose; bud scales persistent. Petiole 3–7 mm, scaly; leaf blade aromatic, elliptic, oblong-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, (1.2–)2.5–3.5(–4.2) × (0.6–)1–1.6(–2) cm; base rounded, or broadly cuneate; apex obtuse or rounded, mucronate; abaxial surface scales overlapping, arranged in 2–3 tiers, dark reddish brown; adaxial surface dark green, shiny, glabrous. Inflorescence 5–7(–10)-flowered. Pedicel 0.2–0.4 cm, scaly; calyx lobes 2–4 mm, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, persisting to enclose mature capsule, scaly, margin densely ciliate; corolla narrowly tubular-funnelform, pale yellow to yellow-green, tube nearly as long as lobes, outer surface not scaly; inner surface densely pilose; lobes spreading, 1.2–1.9 cm; stamens 5 or 6(–8), included in corolla tube, filaments glabrous; ovary ca. 1 mm, scaly; style short, thick, straight, nearly as long as ovary, glabrous. Capsule ovoid, 2–5 mm, scaly. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.
Rhododendron thickets, scrub, open hillsides; 3500–4500(–5500) m. S Xizang [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim].
This taxon is treated as a subspecies (or variety) of Rhododendron anthopogon by some authors.

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