栏目

西施花Rhododendron ellipticum Maxim

西施花Rhododendron ellipticum Maxim

别名:光脚杜鹃;

科名:杜鹃花科 Ericaceae

属名:杜鹃属 Rhododendron

《中国植物志》第57(2)卷358页
  268. 西施花(台湾植物志)光脚杜鹃(中国高等植物图鉴)图版119: 5-8
  Rhododendron ellipticum Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 32: 479. 1888; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 22. 1889; Matsum. in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 12: 13. 1893;台湾植物志4: 24. 1978; M. N. Philip. et W. R. Philip. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 40: 225. 1982.——R. leptosanthum Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. , 3: 137. 1913; Kanehira, Form. Trees, 319. f. 2. 323. 1917.——R. tanakai Hayata, in ibid. 4: 15. 1914; Wils. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 6: 175. 1925.——R. leptanthum Hayata in Matsum. Icon. Pl. Kois. , 2: 93. t. 131. 1915.——R. leiopodum Hayata, Form. Trees, 322. 1917; Wils. in ibid. 6: 176. 1925; Hutch. in Stevenson, Spec. Rhodod. 618. 1930; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 158. 图4270. 1974.
  常绿灌木,高2-3米;幼枝粗壮,直径2.5毫米,干后淡紫色,无毛,老枝灰褐色。叶革质,常5-7轮生枝顶,狭椭圆状披针形或倒披针形,长7-11.2厘米,宽1.4-3厘米,先端短渐尖,基部狭楔形,边缘微反卷,上面干后深褐色,有光泽,下面苍白色,两面无毛,中脉在上面凹陷,下面凸起,侧脉和细脉在两面稍凸起;叶柄长达1.5厘,无毛。花序侧生枝端叶腋,具花1-2朵;花梗粗壮,基部关节明显,长约3.5厘米,无毛;花萼裂片不明显,常呈三角状小齿,稀发育为线状,长达1厘米,边缘及先端具细睫毛;花冠漏斗形,粉红色至白色,长4.8厘米,5裂,裂片长卵形,无毛;雄蕊10,不伸出于花冠外,花丝扁平,中部以下被短柔毛;子房圆柱形,长8毫米,宽2毫米,黑褐色,无毛,花柱褐色,长4.8厘米,伸出于冠外,无毛。蒴果圆柱形,长4厘米,直径4毫米,先端截平,花柱脱落,无毛。花期4-5月。
  特产台湾。生于海拔160-2 600米的石质山坡上。模式标本采自台湾。
  本种与鹿角杜鹃 R. latoucheae Franch. 相似,但本种的叶系狭椭圆状披针形或倒披针形;花1-2朵侧生枝顶叶腋;花芽鳞片边缘具细睫毛,易于区别。
形态特征:常绿灌木,高2—3米;幼枝粗壮,直径2.5毫米,干后淡紫色, 无毛,老枝灰褐色。叶革质,常5—7轮生枝顶,狭椭圆状披针形或倒披针形, 长7--11.2厘米,宽1.4—3厘米,先端短渐尖,基部狭楔形,边缘微反卷,上面干后深褐色,有光泽,下面苍白色、两画无毛,中脉在上面凹陷,下面凸起,侧脉和细脉在两面稍凸起;叶柄长达1.5厘米,无毛.花序侧生枝端叶腋,具花1--2朵;花梗粗壮,基部关节明显,长约3.5厘米.无毛;花萼裂片不明显,常呈三角状小齿,稀发育为线状,长达1厘米,边缘及先端具细睫毛;花冠漏斗形,粉红色互白色,长4.8厘米、 5裂, 裂片长卵形, 无毛;雄蕊10,不伸出于花冠外、花丝扁平,中部以下被短柔毛;子房圆柱形, 长9毫米,宽2毫米, 黑褐色, 无毛,花柱褐色,长4.8厘米, 伸出于冠外, 无毛。此果圆柱形、长4厘米,直径4毫米,先端截平,花柱脱落,无毛。 花期4—5月。
产地分布:特产台湾。生于海拔160—2600米的石质山坡上。模式标本采自台湾。
本种提示:本种与鹿角杜鹃R.latoucheae Franch相似,但本种的叶系狭椭圆状披针形或倒披针形;花1—2朵侧生枝顶叶腋;花芽鳞片边缘具细睫毛,易于区别。
参考文献:Rhododendron ellipticum Maxim.In Bull.Acad,Sci.St Petersb,32:479. 1888;Hemsl in Journ.Linn Soc.Bot.26:22.1889;Matsum.In Rot.Ma2.Tokyo12:13.1893;台湾植物志4:24,1978; M.N.Philip et W.R.Philip. In Not, BotGard.Edinb.40:225.1982.——R.Leptosanthum Hayata,Icon Pl.Form,3:137-1913;Kanehka,Form.Trees,319.F.2.323.1917.——R.Tanakai Hayata,in ibid 4:15. 1914;Was. In Journ Arn. Arb, 6:175. 1925.——R.LeptanthumHayata in Matsum. Icon. Pl, Kois,, 2:93. T.131. 1915.——R.leiopodumHayata,Form.Trees,322.1917;Wils.In ibid 6:176 1915:Hutch.In Stevenson.Spec Rhodod.618, 1930;中国高等植物图鉴3:158.图4270.1974.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Rhododendron latoucheae  Franchet
西施花   xi shi hua
Shrubs or small trees, 2–7 m tall; shoots stout. Petioles to 15 mm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic-lanceolate oblanceolate or ovate-elliptic, 5–11(–13) × 1.4–5.5 cm; base cuneate to broadly cuneate; margin slightly revolute; apex acuminate; both surfaces glabrous; midrib impressed adaxially, obsolete abaxially; lateral veins net-veined, slightly prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescence subapical, 1(–2)-flowered. Pedicel stout, 2–3 cm, glabrous; calyx lobes obscure or fine and triangular, rarely linear, then to 10 mm, margin and apex finely ciliate; corolla funnelform, pink to white, 3.5–4.8 cm, lobes long-ovate, glabrous, emarginate; stamens 10, included in tube or partly exserted, filaments flat, puberulent below middle; ovary cylindric, truncate below insertion of style, 3.5–8 × 0.2–0.4 mm, dark brown, glabrous; style 4–8 cm, exserted, glabrous. Capsules cylindric, ca. 40 × 4 mm; style deciduous. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Sep–Oct.
Mixed forests, rocky mountain slopes; 100–2700 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan (including Ryukyu Islands)].
Gao Lianming (pers. comm.) notes that field observations indicate that the degree of calyx development and the size of the leaves are variable, even within a single population. There is therefore no justification for maintaining Rhododendron ellipticum Maximowicz as distinct from R. latoucheae (and anyway the former name cannot be used because it is an illegitimate later homonym).

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