白喙刺子莞Rhynchospora brownii Roem. et Schult.
白喙刺子莞Rhynchospora brownii Roem. et Schult.
2.白喙刺子莞 图版XXXVI, 4-5
Rhynchospora brownii Roem. et Schult., Syst. II (1817) 86; Ohwi, Cyper. Jap. II (1944) 20——Rhynchospora glauca C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI (1903) 259, non Vahl; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. VI (1916) 116.
根状茎极短。稈丛生,直立,纤细,高30-50厘米,少有达90厘米,三稜形,平滑,无毛,顶部通常粗糙。叶鞘闭合,长2.6-6厘米,无毛,具多条纵肋,鞘口具极短叶舌;叶多数基生,稈生叶少而疏,狭线形,三稜形,较稈短,宽1.5-3毫米,顶端渐尖,边缘微粗糙。苞片叶状,下面的具鞘,最上的不具鞘;圆锥花序由顶生和侧生繖房状长侧枝聚繖花序所组成,具多数小穗,顶生枝花序复出,松散;小苞片刚毛状;小穗椭圆形或近卵形,长4.5毫米,基部稍钝,顶端急尖,绣棕色,具7-8片鳞片,有花3-4朵,最下部的3-4片鳞片中空无花;无花鳞片椭圆状卵形,较有花鳞片为短而小;有花鳞片3,较大,宽卵形,最上的1片鳞片内无花或极不发达,其下通常为3朵两性花,其中最上1朵雌蕊极不发达;所有鳞片沿中脉突起,顶端具短尖或急尖;下位刚毛6条,长短不一,具顺刺;雄蕊3,罕2-1个,花丝较成熟小坚果和花柱基为长;子房倒卵形,花柱细长,柱头2,与花柱等长。小坚果宽椭圆状倒卵形,淡锈色,长1.7毫米,双凸状,具较深色的横皱纹,顶端具宿存的花柱基(喙);花柱基较小坚果短,广圆锥形,基部稍狭于小坚果,顶端急尖,表面被白色粉状物。花果期6-10月。
产于福建、台湾、广东、广西、湖南及云南;生长沼泽或河边潮湿的地方;海拔1000-2400米。分布于全球热带及亚热带地区。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Rhynchospora rugosa subsp. brownii (Roemer & Schultes) T. Koyama Stearn & L. H. J. Williams in H. Hara, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal. 1: 118. 1978.
白喙刺子莞 bai hui ci zi guan
Rhynchospora brownii Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 2: 86. 1817; R. glauca Vahl var. condensata Kükenthal; R. rugosa var. condensata (Kükenthal) T. Koyama.
Perennials. Rhizomes very short. Culms tufted, erect, 30-55(-90) cm tall, slender, 3-angled, smooth but apically usually scabrous. Leaves basal and a few cauline and distant, shorter than culm; sheath brown, closed, 2.6-6 cm, glabrous, with very short ligule at mouth; leaf blade narrowly linear, 1.5-3 mm wide, flat or canaliculate, margin and abaxial midvein scabrous, apex long acuminate. Involucral bracts leaflike, basal ones sheathing, apicalmost sheathless. Inflorescences paniculate, narrow, consisting of 3 or 4 dense to ± lax corymbiform anthelae; lateral peduncles solitary or 2 together, compressed, often long exserted from sheaths; rays very unequal, erect; raylets setaceous. Spikelets dark brown, ellipsoid to subovoid, 3-4.5 mm, 3- or 4-flowered, base ± obtuse, apex acute. Glumes 7 or 8, elliptic-ovate, ovate, or broadly ovate; basal 3 or 4 glumes empty. Perianth bristles 6, slightly shorter than nutlet, unequal, antrorsely scabrous. Stamens (1-)3; filaments longer than nutlet and style base. Ovary obovoid; style filiform; stigmas 2, as long as style. Nutlet pale rust-colored, broadly ellipsoid-obovoid, ca. 1.7 mm, biconvex, finely transversely wrinkled with longitudinal epidermal cell; persistent style base broadly conic, shorter than nutlet. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 36.
Swamps, moist river margins; 1000-2400 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Europe, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, Pacific islands].
Rhynchospora rugosa subsp. rugosa occurs in tropical America and South America.Rhynchospora rugosa subsp. rugosa occurs in tropical America and South America.
科名:莎草科 Cyperaceae
属名:刺子莞属 Rhynchospora
《中国植物志》第11卷111页
2.白喙刺子莞 图版XXXVI, 4-5
Rhynchospora brownii Roem. et Schult., Syst. II (1817) 86; Ohwi, Cyper. Jap. II (1944) 20——Rhynchospora glauca C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI (1903) 259, non Vahl; Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. VI (1916) 116.
根状茎极短。稈丛生,直立,纤细,高30-50厘米,少有达90厘米,三稜形,平滑,无毛,顶部通常粗糙。叶鞘闭合,长2.6-6厘米,无毛,具多条纵肋,鞘口具极短叶舌;叶多数基生,稈生叶少而疏,狭线形,三稜形,较稈短,宽1.5-3毫米,顶端渐尖,边缘微粗糙。苞片叶状,下面的具鞘,最上的不具鞘;圆锥花序由顶生和侧生繖房状长侧枝聚繖花序所组成,具多数小穗,顶生枝花序复出,松散;小苞片刚毛状;小穗椭圆形或近卵形,长4.5毫米,基部稍钝,顶端急尖,绣棕色,具7-8片鳞片,有花3-4朵,最下部的3-4片鳞片中空无花;无花鳞片椭圆状卵形,较有花鳞片为短而小;有花鳞片3,较大,宽卵形,最上的1片鳞片内无花或极不发达,其下通常为3朵两性花,其中最上1朵雌蕊极不发达;所有鳞片沿中脉突起,顶端具短尖或急尖;下位刚毛6条,长短不一,具顺刺;雄蕊3,罕2-1个,花丝较成熟小坚果和花柱基为长;子房倒卵形,花柱细长,柱头2,与花柱等长。小坚果宽椭圆状倒卵形,淡锈色,长1.7毫米,双凸状,具较深色的横皱纹,顶端具宿存的花柱基(喙);花柱基较小坚果短,广圆锥形,基部稍狭于小坚果,顶端急尖,表面被白色粉状物。花果期6-10月。
产于福建、台湾、广东、广西、湖南及云南;生长沼泽或河边潮湿的地方;海拔1000-2400米。分布于全球热带及亚热带地区。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Rhynchospora rugosa subsp. brownii (Roemer & Schultes) T. Koyama Stearn & L. H. J. Williams in H. Hara, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal. 1: 118. 1978.
白喙刺子莞 bai hui ci zi guan
Rhynchospora brownii Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 2: 86. 1817; R. glauca Vahl var. condensata Kükenthal; R. rugosa var. condensata (Kükenthal) T. Koyama.
Perennials. Rhizomes very short. Culms tufted, erect, 30-55(-90) cm tall, slender, 3-angled, smooth but apically usually scabrous. Leaves basal and a few cauline and distant, shorter than culm; sheath brown, closed, 2.6-6 cm, glabrous, with very short ligule at mouth; leaf blade narrowly linear, 1.5-3 mm wide, flat or canaliculate, margin and abaxial midvein scabrous, apex long acuminate. Involucral bracts leaflike, basal ones sheathing, apicalmost sheathless. Inflorescences paniculate, narrow, consisting of 3 or 4 dense to ± lax corymbiform anthelae; lateral peduncles solitary or 2 together, compressed, often long exserted from sheaths; rays very unequal, erect; raylets setaceous. Spikelets dark brown, ellipsoid to subovoid, 3-4.5 mm, 3- or 4-flowered, base ± obtuse, apex acute. Glumes 7 or 8, elliptic-ovate, ovate, or broadly ovate; basal 3 or 4 glumes empty. Perianth bristles 6, slightly shorter than nutlet, unequal, antrorsely scabrous. Stamens (1-)3; filaments longer than nutlet and style base. Ovary obovoid; style filiform; stigmas 2, as long as style. Nutlet pale rust-colored, broadly ellipsoid-obovoid, ca. 1.7 mm, biconvex, finely transversely wrinkled with longitudinal epidermal cell; persistent style base broadly conic, shorter than nutlet. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 36.
Swamps, moist river margins; 1000-2400 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Europe, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, Pacific islands].
Rhynchospora rugosa subsp. rugosa occurs in tropical America and South America.Rhynchospora rugosa subsp. rugosa occurs in tropical America and South America.