大花嵩草Kobresia macrantha Bocklr.
大花嵩草Kobresia macrantha Bocklr.
22. 大花嵩草（中国高等植物图鉴）图版2: 6-7
Kobresia macrantha Bocklr., Cyper. Nov. 1: 39. 1888; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 699. 1894, excl. syn. ; Kukenth. in Engl., Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (IV. 20): 50. 1909; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 267, 图7363. 1976; Y. C. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16 (1): 49, 12. 1976; T. Koyama in Hara et L. H. J. Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal, 1: 113. 1978; 西藏植物志, 5: 388, 图220. 1987; 横断山区维管植物下册: 2347. 1994. ——Blysmocarex macrantha (Bocklr.) Ivan. in Journ. Bot. USSR, 24: 503. 1939, nom., Y. C. Yang in Acta Bot. Yunn. 4 (4): 317. 1982.
形态特征：多年生草本。具细长的匍匐根状茎。秆高10一20cm,纤细，具钝三棱。叶基生，短于秆，宽2--3mm。穗状花序卵形或矩圆状卵形，长1-2cm，小穗密，3-7枚，椭圆形，长4-7mm。雄雌顺序，苞片鳞片状，支小穗2一3，顶生1一3枚，雄性，余为雌性。鳞片卵状披针形，长4-5mm。先出叶卵状披针形，黄色，脉不明显，边缘仅基部愈合。小坚果宽椭圆形或椭圆状卵形，平凸状，基部有柄，花柱长，柱头2 (图85)。
地理分布：分布于我国青海、四川、甘肃、新疆，西藏等省(区)，苏联(中亚)、尼泊尔等国也有。
生态特征：大花嵩草一般生于山坡、河漫滩、阶地、山谷等高山草原和砂地上，海拔可高达3000-5100m。通常5月中、下旬返青，8月中旬以后种子成熟，全生育期约90天左右。大花嵩草在青藏高原地区，常以固沙草和紫花针茅群落的伴生种出现，一般不形成群落的优势种。
饲用价值：大花嵩草茎叶均较粗糙，适口性中等，但各种家畜都采食，以羊利用最好，并适宜夏秋放牧利用，其营养成分见表85一l。可见，粗蛋白质含量较高，达18．5％，与豆科牧草相近，粗脂肪含量也较高，属于高蛋白、高脂肪类牧草，其氨基酸含量也高于-般牧草 (表85-2)。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Kobresia macrantha Boeckeler Beitr. Cyper. 1: 39. 1888.
大花嵩草 da hua song cao
Blysmocarex macrantha (Boeckeler) K. V. Ivanova; B. macrantha subsp. nudicarpa (Y. C. Yang) D. S. Deng; B. nudicarpa Y. C. Yang; Kobresia macrantha var. nudicarpa (Y. C. Yang) P. C. Li; K. nudicarpa (Y. C. Yang) S. R. Zhang.
Rhizomes elongate, slender, stoloniferous. Basal sheaths pale brown, retaining dried leaf blades. Culms scattered, erect, trigonous, 3-17 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm in diam. Leaves basal, shorter than culms; blade flat, 1-3 mm wide, midrib distinct abaxially. Inflorescence paniculate, cylindric to ovoid, 1-2 × 0.6-1 cm; inflorescence branches androgynous or unisexual (whole inflorescence sometimes ± unisexual), lowest branch sometimes slightly distant; lowest involucral bract leaflike or glumelike, apex long aristate. Spikelets usually unisexual; glumes chestnut-brown with green midvein, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-6.3 × 2-2.3 mm, margin broadly hyaline, apex acute or obtuse. Prophylls yellowish brown, ovate-lanceolate, 3-3.6 × 1.2-2 mm, thinly membranous, 2-keeled, keels smooth, margins free or connate at base. Nutlets elliptic-ovoid or subcircular, flattened, 1.4-2 × 0.8-1 mm, not beaked, conspicuously stipitate, stipe 0.6-1 mm. Sterile rachilla of female spikelets terete, minute, subequaling stipe of nutlet. Stigmas 2, very long. Fl. and fr. Jun-Aug.
Open ground, sandy soils, meadows in river valleys; 2500-4800 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Nepal].
别名：大花蒿草;吉隆嵩草;大苞嵩草;匍茎嵩草;
科名：莎草科 Cyperaceae
属名：嵩草属 Kobresia
22. 大花嵩草（中国高等植物图鉴）图版2: 6-7
Kobresia macrantha Bocklr., Cyper. Nov. 1: 39. 1888; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 699. 1894, excl. syn. ; Kukenth. in Engl., Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (IV. 20): 50. 1909; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 267, 图7363. 1976; Y. C. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16 (1): 49, 12. 1976; T. Koyama in Hara et L. H. J. Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal, 1: 113. 1978; 西藏植物志, 5: 388, 图220. 1987; 横断山区维管植物下册: 2347. 1994. ——Blysmocarex macrantha (Bocklr.) Ivan. in Journ. Bot. USSR, 24: 503. 1939, nom., Y. C. Yang in Acta Bot. Yunn. 4 (4): 317. 1982.
形态特征：多年生草本。具细长的匍匐根状茎。秆高10一20cm,纤细，具钝三棱。叶基生，短于秆，宽2--3mm。穗状花序卵形或矩圆状卵形，长1-2cm，小穗密，3-7枚，椭圆形，长4-7mm。雄雌顺序，苞片鳞片状，支小穗2一3，顶生1一3枚，雄性，余为雌性。鳞片卵状披针形，长4-5mm。先出叶卵状披针形，黄色，脉不明显，边缘仅基部愈合。小坚果宽椭圆形或椭圆状卵形，平凸状，基部有柄，花柱长，柱头2 (图85)。
地理分布：分布于我国青海、四川、甘肃、新疆，西藏等省(区)，苏联(中亚)、尼泊尔等国也有。
生态特征：大花嵩草一般生于山坡、河漫滩、阶地、山谷等高山草原和砂地上，海拔可高达3000-5100m。通常5月中、下旬返青，8月中旬以后种子成熟，全生育期约90天左右。大花嵩草在青藏高原地区，常以固沙草和紫花针茅群落的伴生种出现，一般不形成群落的优势种。
饲用价值：大花嵩草茎叶均较粗糙，适口性中等，但各种家畜都采食，以羊利用最好，并适宜夏秋放牧利用，其营养成分见表85一l。可见，粗蛋白质含量较高，达18．5％，与豆科牧草相近，粗脂肪含量也较高，属于高蛋白、高脂肪类牧草，其氨基酸含量也高于-般牧草 (表85-2)。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Kobresia macrantha Boeckeler Beitr. Cyper. 1: 39. 1888.
大花嵩草 da hua song cao
Blysmocarex macrantha (Boeckeler) K. V. Ivanova; B. macrantha subsp. nudicarpa (Y. C. Yang) D. S. Deng; B. nudicarpa Y. C. Yang; Kobresia macrantha var. nudicarpa (Y. C. Yang) P. C. Li; K. nudicarpa (Y. C. Yang) S. R. Zhang.
Rhizomes elongate, slender, stoloniferous. Basal sheaths pale brown, retaining dried leaf blades. Culms scattered, erect, trigonous, 3-17 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm in diam. Leaves basal, shorter than culms; blade flat, 1-3 mm wide, midrib distinct abaxially. Inflorescence paniculate, cylindric to ovoid, 1-2 × 0.6-1 cm; inflorescence branches androgynous or unisexual (whole inflorescence sometimes ± unisexual), lowest branch sometimes slightly distant; lowest involucral bract leaflike or glumelike, apex long aristate. Spikelets usually unisexual; glumes chestnut-brown with green midvein, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4-6.3 × 2-2.3 mm, margin broadly hyaline, apex acute or obtuse. Prophylls yellowish brown, ovate-lanceolate, 3-3.6 × 1.2-2 mm, thinly membranous, 2-keeled, keels smooth, margins free or connate at base. Nutlets elliptic-ovoid or subcircular, flattened, 1.4-2 × 0.8-1 mm, not beaked, conspicuously stipitate, stipe 0.6-1 mm. Sterile rachilla of female spikelets terete, minute, subequaling stipe of nutlet. Stigmas 2, very long. Fl. and fr. Jun-Aug.
Open ground, sandy soils, meadows in river valleys; 2500-4800 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Nepal].