甘肃嵩草Kobresia kansuensis Kukenth.
甘肃嵩草Kobresia kansuensis Kukenth.
17. 甘肃嵩草（中国高等植物图鉴）图版4: 1-4
Kobresia kansuensis Kukenth. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 5: 38. 1930 et in Journ. Arn. Arb. 14: 4. 1933; Ivan. in Journ. Bot. USSR 24: 492. 1936, excl. Syn.; T. V. Egorova in Grubov, Pl. Cent. Asia, 3: 36. 1967; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 266, 图7361. 1976; Y. C. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 14 (1): 43, fig. 1. 1976; 西藏植物志, 5: 393. 图223. 1987; 横断山区维管植物下册, 2346, 1994.
根状茎短。秆密丛生，坚挺，高30-90厘米，粗3-4毫米，三棱形，无毛，基部的宿存叶鞘黑褐色、密集、有光泽、不分裂。叶短于秆，平张，宽6-10毫米，平滑，仅边缘稍粗糙。圆锥花序紧缩，圆锥形或长圆状圆柱形，长3.5-6.5厘米，粗1-1.2厘米；苞片鳞片状，顶端具芒；小穗多数，密集，下部的线状长圆形，长1.5-2.5厘米，向上部的渐短；支小穗多数，密生，顶生的雄性，侧生的雌性杂以雄雌顺序，如为后者则在基部1朵雌花之上具1-3朵雄花。鳞片长圆状披针形，长4-6毫米，顶端渐尖，有短尖或无，纸质，两侧黑褐色或暗褐色，稍有光泽，有狭的白色膜质边缘，中脉绿色。先出叶狭长圆形，长5-6.5毫米，纸质，下部黄白色，上部黑褐色或暗褐色，腹面边缘为宽的白色膜质，分离几达基部，背面具粗糙的2脊，脊间无明显的脉。小坚果狭长圆形，三棱形，长3-5毫米，成熟时灰褐色，基部具短柄，顶端收缩成0.5-1毫米长之喙；花柱基部不增粗，柱头3个。退化小穗轴如存在则为刚毛状，长及果的1/3。花果期5-9月。
产于甘肃东部、青海南部、四川西部和西南部、云南西北部、西藏东部；生于高山灌丛中、河漫滩、潮湿草地、山坡阴处和林边草地，海拔3000-4800米。模式标本采自甘肃东南部。
形态特征：多年生草本。根状茎丛生。秆粗壮，高30一90cm，直径3-4mm，三棱柱形。叶短于秆，宽6-8mm，基部对折。穗状花序卵状椭圆形至矩圆状圆柱形，长3．5-6．5cm，直径约1-1．2cm。小穗密集，多数，矩圆形，苞片鳞片状，支小穗多数，顶生的雄性，侧生的雌性或雄雌顺序，鳞片暗褐色或褐色。先出叶不成囊状，矩圆形，长5-6mm，边缘在腹面仅基部愈合，具明显2脊，稍粗糙。小坚果矩圆形，长3-4mm，有三棱，顶端具0.5mm长的短喙（图84)。
地理分布：分布于我国甘肃、四川、云南、青海、西藏等省(区)。
生态特征：甘肃嵩草多生于高山、亚高山草甸、亚高山灌丛草甸、高原宽谷与阶地、山原、山脊部分及半沼泽草甸中。土壤为高山草甸土，海拔高度可达2800-4750m。生育周期较短，通常6月至9月为生长期，9月以后开始枯黄，全生长期约为80--90天。甘肃嵩草属寒冷型中生植物，在地势高，气候寒冷而湿润的环境下生长良好，通常以伴生成分出现在高山，亚高山嵩草草甸和杂类草草甸中。尽管群落总覆盖度大，但种类繁多，分盖度低，甘肃嵩草也占的比重很少。
饲用价值：甘肃嵩草是嵩草属中植抹较高的一种，具利用时期较长，适口性好的特点，各种家畜都喜食，尤以马、黄牛、牦牛等大家畜利用最好。抽穗后，茎秆变硬，绵羊、山羊利用稍差。虽然甘肃嵩草在杂类草甸中占很小的比重，但由于该草群中有相当一部分杂类草不能作为牧草利用或利用价值不高，甘肃嵩草的利用价值显得较为重要了。随着草地事业的发展，在这种类型的草地上进行人工草地建设，减少杂类草的数量，改善甘肃嵩草及其他优良牧草生长环境条件，它则可迅速繁殖生长，成为高寒地区优等的夏秋放牧地。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Kobresia kansuensis Kükenthal Acta Horti Gothob. 5: 38. 1930.
甘肃嵩草 gan su song cao
Kobresia pseuduncinoides Noltie.
Rhizomes short, thick, woody. Basal sheaths prominent, dark brown, shiny, leathery, not retaining dried leaf blades. Culms densely tufted, erect, sharply triquetrous, (14-)20-70 cm tall, stout, 2.2-4(-6) mm in diam. Leaves basal, shorter than or ± equaling culms; blade flat, sometimes folded at base, 4-9 mm wide, midrib distinct abaxially. Inflorescence densely paniculate (occasionally spicate), brown or dark brown, partly green, narrowly oblong to lanceolate, (2-)3-6.5 × 0.7-1.8 cm, with numerous short, appressed branches; inflorescence branches simple; lowest involucral bract glumelike, broad green midvein elongated into filiform arista not exceeding inflorescence. Terminal spikelets of inflorescence branches male, lower ones bisexual with 1 basal female flower and 2-4(-6) distal male flowers, sometimes with some unisexual female ones above (or throughout). Glumes brown, with yellowish green or green midvein, oblong, oblong-elliptic, or oblong-ovate, 5-10 × 2-3.5 mm, midvein narrow, margin narrowly hyaline near apex, apex acute to strongly aristate. Prophylls yellow or yellowish green in lower part, brown in upper part, narrowly oblong, 4.5-7.4 × 1-1.3 mm, papery, 2-keeled, keels minutely scabrid, sometimes 2-4-veined between keels, margins open to base. Nutlets brown or grayish brown, narrowly obovoid or narrowly oblong, trigonous, 2.8-4(-5) × 0.8-1 mm, very shortly stipitate, shortly beaked, beak to 0.6 mm. Stigmas 3. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Shaded and wet places, open marshes, among shrubs, alpine meadows, grassy slopes, streamsides; 3000-4700 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal].
Specimens from Bhutan, Nepal, and SE Xizang (described as Kobresia pseuduncinoides) tend to be extremely robust, with large prophylls and strongly aristate glumes, but variation in these characters is found to be continuous. Forms with simple spikes can be distinguished from robust forms of K. cuneata by their flat leaves.Specimens from Bhutan, Nepal, and SE Xizang (described as Kobresia pseuduncinoides) tend to be extremely robust, with large prophylls and strongly aristate glumes, but variation in these characters is found to be continuous. Forms with simple spikes can be distinguished from robust forms of K. cuneata by their flat leaves.
别名：甘肃蒿草;
科名：莎草科 Cyperaceae
属名：嵩草属 Kobresia
17. 甘肃嵩草（中国高等植物图鉴）图版4: 1-4
Kobresia kansuensis Kukenth. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 5: 38. 1930 et in Journ. Arn. Arb. 14: 4. 1933; Ivan. in Journ. Bot. USSR 24: 492. 1936, excl. Syn.; T. V. Egorova in Grubov, Pl. Cent. Asia, 3: 36. 1967; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 266, 图7361. 1976; Y. C. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 14 (1): 43, fig. 1. 1976; 西藏植物志, 5: 393. 图223. 1987; 横断山区维管植物下册, 2346, 1994.
根状茎短。秆密丛生，坚挺，高30-90厘米，粗3-4毫米，三棱形，无毛，基部的宿存叶鞘黑褐色、密集、有光泽、不分裂。叶短于秆，平张，宽6-10毫米，平滑，仅边缘稍粗糙。圆锥花序紧缩，圆锥形或长圆状圆柱形，长3.5-6.5厘米，粗1-1.2厘米；苞片鳞片状，顶端具芒；小穗多数，密集，下部的线状长圆形，长1.5-2.5厘米，向上部的渐短；支小穗多数，密生，顶生的雄性，侧生的雌性杂以雄雌顺序，如为后者则在基部1朵雌花之上具1-3朵雄花。鳞片长圆状披针形，长4-6毫米，顶端渐尖，有短尖或无，纸质，两侧黑褐色或暗褐色，稍有光泽，有狭的白色膜质边缘，中脉绿色。先出叶狭长圆形，长5-6.5毫米，纸质，下部黄白色，上部黑褐色或暗褐色，腹面边缘为宽的白色膜质，分离几达基部，背面具粗糙的2脊，脊间无明显的脉。小坚果狭长圆形，三棱形，长3-5毫米，成熟时灰褐色，基部具短柄，顶端收缩成0.5-1毫米长之喙；花柱基部不增粗，柱头3个。退化小穗轴如存在则为刚毛状，长及果的1/3。花果期5-9月。
产于甘肃东部、青海南部、四川西部和西南部、云南西北部、西藏东部；生于高山灌丛中、河漫滩、潮湿草地、山坡阴处和林边草地，海拔3000-4800米。模式标本采自甘肃东南部。
形态特征：多年生草本。根状茎丛生。秆粗壮，高30一90cm，直径3-4mm，三棱柱形。叶短于秆，宽6-8mm，基部对折。穗状花序卵状椭圆形至矩圆状圆柱形，长3．5-6．5cm，直径约1-1．2cm。小穗密集，多数，矩圆形，苞片鳞片状，支小穗多数，顶生的雄性，侧生的雌性或雄雌顺序，鳞片暗褐色或褐色。先出叶不成囊状，矩圆形，长5-6mm，边缘在腹面仅基部愈合，具明显2脊，稍粗糙。小坚果矩圆形，长3-4mm，有三棱，顶端具0.5mm长的短喙（图84)。
地理分布：分布于我国甘肃、四川、云南、青海、西藏等省(区)。
生态特征：甘肃嵩草多生于高山、亚高山草甸、亚高山灌丛草甸、高原宽谷与阶地、山原、山脊部分及半沼泽草甸中。土壤为高山草甸土，海拔高度可达2800-4750m。生育周期较短，通常6月至9月为生长期，9月以后开始枯黄，全生长期约为80--90天。甘肃嵩草属寒冷型中生植物，在地势高，气候寒冷而湿润的环境下生长良好，通常以伴生成分出现在高山，亚高山嵩草草甸和杂类草草甸中。尽管群落总覆盖度大，但种类繁多，分盖度低，甘肃嵩草也占的比重很少。
饲用价值：甘肃嵩草是嵩草属中植抹较高的一种，具利用时期较长，适口性好的特点，各种家畜都喜食，尤以马、黄牛、牦牛等大家畜利用最好。抽穗后，茎秆变硬，绵羊、山羊利用稍差。虽然甘肃嵩草在杂类草甸中占很小的比重，但由于该草群中有相当一部分杂类草不能作为牧草利用或利用价值不高，甘肃嵩草的利用价值显得较为重要了。随着草地事业的发展，在这种类型的草地上进行人工草地建设，减少杂类草的数量，改善甘肃嵩草及其他优良牧草生长环境条件，它则可迅速繁殖生长，成为高寒地区优等的夏秋放牧地。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Kobresia kansuensis Kükenthal Acta Horti Gothob. 5: 38. 1930.
甘肃嵩草 gan su song cao
Kobresia pseuduncinoides Noltie.
Rhizomes short, thick, woody. Basal sheaths prominent, dark brown, shiny, leathery, not retaining dried leaf blades. Culms densely tufted, erect, sharply triquetrous, (14-)20-70 cm tall, stout, 2.2-4(-6) mm in diam. Leaves basal, shorter than or ± equaling culms; blade flat, sometimes folded at base, 4-9 mm wide, midrib distinct abaxially. Inflorescence densely paniculate (occasionally spicate), brown or dark brown, partly green, narrowly oblong to lanceolate, (2-)3-6.5 × 0.7-1.8 cm, with numerous short, appressed branches; inflorescence branches simple; lowest involucral bract glumelike, broad green midvein elongated into filiform arista not exceeding inflorescence. Terminal spikelets of inflorescence branches male, lower ones bisexual with 1 basal female flower and 2-4(-6) distal male flowers, sometimes with some unisexual female ones above (or throughout). Glumes brown, with yellowish green or green midvein, oblong, oblong-elliptic, or oblong-ovate, 5-10 × 2-3.5 mm, midvein narrow, margin narrowly hyaline near apex, apex acute to strongly aristate. Prophylls yellow or yellowish green in lower part, brown in upper part, narrowly oblong, 4.5-7.4 × 1-1.3 mm, papery, 2-keeled, keels minutely scabrid, sometimes 2-4-veined between keels, margins open to base. Nutlets brown or grayish brown, narrowly obovoid or narrowly oblong, trigonous, 2.8-4(-5) × 0.8-1 mm, very shortly stipitate, shortly beaked, beak to 0.6 mm. Stigmas 3. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Shaded and wet places, open marshes, among shrubs, alpine meadows, grassy slopes, streamsides; 3000-4700 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal].
Specimens from Bhutan, Nepal, and SE Xizang (described as Kobresia pseuduncinoides) tend to be extremely robust, with large prophylls and strongly aristate glumes, but variation in these characters is found to be continuous. Forms with simple spikes can be distinguished from robust forms of K. cuneata by their flat leaves.Specimens from Bhutan, Nepal, and SE Xizang (described as Kobresia pseuduncinoides) tend to be extremely robust, with large prophylls and strongly aristate glumes, but variation in these characters is found to be continuous. Forms with simple spikes can be distinguished from robust forms of K. cuneata by their flat leaves.