花穗水莎草Juncellus pannonicus (Jacq.) C. B. Clarke
花穗水莎草Juncellus pannonicus (Jacq.) C. B. Clarke
2.花穗水莎草 图版LVII, 5-10
Juncellus pannonicus (Jacq. ) C. B. Clarke in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. VIII (1908) 3——Cyperus pannonicus Jacq. Fl. Austr. V App. (1778) 24, t. 6; C. B. Clarkein Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXI (1884) 80; Kukenth. in Act. Hort. Gothob. V (1929) 33 et in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 101, IV, 20 (1936) 319; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. (1939) 115——Acorellus pannonicus Palla in Koch, Syn. ed. 3, III (1907) 2557; B. Schischk. in Kom. Fl. URSS. III (1935) 22.
根状茎短，具许多须根。稈密丛生，高2-18厘米，扁三稜形，平滑，基部具一枚叶。叶片很短，刚毛状，长常不超过2.5厘米，宽约1毫米，具较长的叶鞘。苞片3枚，叶状，两枚较长于花序，一枚短于花序，基部稍扩大；简单长侧枝聚繖花序头状，具1-8个小穗；小穗无柄，卵状长圆形或长圆形，稍肿胀，长5-15毫米，宽2-5毫米，具10-32朵花；小穗轴稍宽，近于四稜形；鳞片紧密地复瓦状排列，近于纸质，圆盘状卵形，顶端钝，或有时具极短的短尖，长约3毫米，背面黄绿色，具多数脉，两侧暗血红色，里面具红褐色斑纹；雄蕊3，花药线形，药隔延伸出花药的顶端；花柱长，通常露出于鳞片外，柱头2。小坚果近于圆形、椭圆形、或有时为倒卵形，平凸状，稍短于鳞片，黄色，表面具网纹。花果期8-9月。
产于东北各省、内蒙古、新疆、陕西、山西、河北、河南；多生长于河旁、沟边、沼泽地，也常见于盐碱土上。亦分布于苏联以及欧洲中部。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Cyperus pannonicus Jacquin Fl. Austriac. 5: 29. 1778.
花穗水莎草 hua sui shui suo cao
Juncellus pannonicus (Jacquin) C. B. Clarke.
Perennials. Roots many, fibrous. Rhizomes short. Culms densely tufted, 4-20 cm tall, compressed 3-angled, smooth, base with 1 leaf. Leaf sheath slightly long; leaf blade mostly to only 2.5 cm, ca. 1 mm wide. Involucral bracts 3, leaflike, usually 2 longer than inflorescence and 1 shorter; basalmost bract erect, culmlike, elongated, basally ± broad. Inflorescences capitate, with 1-8 spikelets. Spikelets ovoid-oblong to oblong, 0.5-1.5 cm × 2-5 mm, slightly turgid, 10-32-flowered; rachilla subquadrangular, slightly broad. Glumes dark blood-red on both surfaces but middle yellowish green, adaxially reddish brown striate, densely imbricate, orbicular-ovate, ca. 3 mm, subpapery, veins several, apex obtuse and sometimes with a very short mucro. Stamens 3; anthers linear; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style long; stigmas 2. Nutlet brownish yellow, subglobose, ellipsoid, or obovoid, ca. 2 mm, plano-convex, slightly shiny, reticulately striate. Fl. and fr. Aug-Sep.
Swamps, river margins, ditch margins, saline soil; 100-1300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, C Europe].
别名：胡吉日音-少日乃;紫穗水莎草;
科名：莎草科 Cyperaceae
属名：水莎草属 Juncellus
2.花穗水莎草 图版LVII, 5-10
Juncellus pannonicus (Jacq. ) C. B. Clarke in Kew Bull. Add. Ser. VIII (1908) 3——Cyperus pannonicus Jacq. Fl. Austr. V App. (1778) 24, t. 6; C. B. Clarkein Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXI (1884) 80; Kukenth. in Act. Hort. Gothob. V (1929) 33 et in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 101, IV, 20 (1936) 319; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. (1939) 115——Acorellus pannonicus Palla in Koch, Syn. ed. 3, III (1907) 2557; B. Schischk. in Kom. Fl. URSS. III (1935) 22.
根状茎短，具许多须根。稈密丛生，高2-18厘米，扁三稜形，平滑，基部具一枚叶。叶片很短，刚毛状，长常不超过2.5厘米，宽约1毫米，具较长的叶鞘。苞片3枚，叶状，两枚较长于花序，一枚短于花序，基部稍扩大；简单长侧枝聚繖花序头状，具1-8个小穗；小穗无柄，卵状长圆形或长圆形，稍肿胀，长5-15毫米，宽2-5毫米，具10-32朵花；小穗轴稍宽，近于四稜形；鳞片紧密地复瓦状排列，近于纸质，圆盘状卵形，顶端钝，或有时具极短的短尖，长约3毫米，背面黄绿色，具多数脉，两侧暗血红色，里面具红褐色斑纹；雄蕊3，花药线形，药隔延伸出花药的顶端；花柱长，通常露出于鳞片外，柱头2。小坚果近于圆形、椭圆形、或有时为倒卵形，平凸状，稍短于鳞片，黄色，表面具网纹。花果期8-9月。
产于东北各省、内蒙古、新疆、陕西、山西、河北、河南；多生长于河旁、沟边、沼泽地，也常见于盐碱土上。亦分布于苏联以及欧洲中部。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Cyperus pannonicus Jacquin Fl. Austriac. 5: 29. 1778.
花穗水莎草 hua sui shui suo cao
Juncellus pannonicus (Jacquin) C. B. Clarke.
Perennials. Roots many, fibrous. Rhizomes short. Culms densely tufted, 4-20 cm tall, compressed 3-angled, smooth, base with 1 leaf. Leaf sheath slightly long; leaf blade mostly to only 2.5 cm, ca. 1 mm wide. Involucral bracts 3, leaflike, usually 2 longer than inflorescence and 1 shorter; basalmost bract erect, culmlike, elongated, basally ± broad. Inflorescences capitate, with 1-8 spikelets. Spikelets ovoid-oblong to oblong, 0.5-1.5 cm × 2-5 mm, slightly turgid, 10-32-flowered; rachilla subquadrangular, slightly broad. Glumes dark blood-red on both surfaces but middle yellowish green, adaxially reddish brown striate, densely imbricate, orbicular-ovate, ca. 3 mm, subpapery, veins several, apex obtuse and sometimes with a very short mucro. Stamens 3; anthers linear; connective prominent beyond anthers. Style long; stigmas 2. Nutlet brownish yellow, subglobose, ellipsoid, or obovoid, ca. 2 mm, plano-convex, slightly shiny, reticulately striate. Fl. and fr. Aug-Sep.
Swamps, river margins, ditch margins, saline soil; 100-1300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, C Europe].