紫果蔺Heleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl
紫果蔺Heleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl
19.紫果蔺 图版XXII，8-10
Heleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl, Reliq. Haenk. I (1828) 196; Kunth, Enum. II (1887) 151; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI(1903) 226; Diels, Fl. Cent. -China in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI Beibl. 82 (1905) 7; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXIX (1911) 444: Dunn et Tutch., Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. (1912) 297; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志 (1956) 749——Scirpus atropurpurea Retz. Obs. V (1789) 14.
无匍匐根状茎。稈多数，丛生，高2-15厘米，细若毫发，直，圆柱状，有浑圆肋条，淡绿色，在稈的基部有1-2个叶鞘；鞘的上部淡绿色，下部紫红色，管状，膜质，鞘口斜，顶端钝或急尖，高5-15毫米。小穗卵形、球形或长圆状卵形，顶端钝，长2-5.5毫米，宽1.5-2.5毫米，褐色；在小穗基部的二片鳞片中空无花，背部较宽部分为绿色，最下一片抱小穗基部1/2周多；其余鳞片全有花，松散地复瓦状排列，长圆形或椭圆形，顶端钝圆，长1毫米多，宽约0.5毫米，膜质，背部绿色，中脉一条不大明显，两侧血红色，边缘狭，干膜质；下位刚毛4-6条，细，白色，有稀而细的倒刺；柱头2。小坚果倒卵形或宽倒卵形，双凸状，长0.5-0.75毫米，宽0.4毫米，初紫红色，后来紫黑色，有光泽，平滑，花柱基小，顶基扁而呈盘状，不为海绵质，长约为小坚果的1/6，宽约为小坚果的1/4。花果期6-10月。
产于广东、海南、广西、江苏、湖南、四川、云南等省区；生于水田中、田边、湿地，海拔230-1400米。分布于欧、非、亚、美各洲。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retzius) J. Presl & C. Presl Reliq. Haenk. 1: 196. 1828.
紫果蔺 zi guo lin
Scirpus atropurpureus Retzius, Observ. Bot. 5: 14. 1788.
Annuals. Rhizomes and stolons absent. Culms greenish, tufted, 2-15 cm tall, hairlike, erect, terete, obtusely longitudinally ribbed. Leaf sheaths 1 or 2, basally purplish red and apically greenish, tubular, 0.5-1.5 cm, mouth obliquely truncate, apex obtuse to acute. Spikelet ovoid, globose, or oblong-ovoid, 2-5.5 × 1.5-2.5 mm, many flowered, apex obtuse. Basal 2 glumes empty; basalmost glume amplexicaul for more than 1/2 of spikelet base; fertile glumes green at middle and blood-red on both sides, laxly imbricate, oblong to elliptic, ca. 1 × 0.5 mm, membranous, midvein obscure, margin narrowly hyaline, apex obtuse to subrounded. Perianth bristles 4(-6), colorless to white, slightly longer to shorter than nutlet, laxly retrorsely spinulose. Stigmas 2. Nutlet at first purplish red then becoming dark purple, obovoid to broadly obovoid, 0.3-0.6 × ca. 0.4 mm, biconvex, smooth and shiny; persistent style base patelliform, umbonate at middle, not reflexed basally, ca. 1/6 as long and ca. 1/4 as wide as nutlet. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 20.
Rice fields, field margins, moist areas; 200-1400 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Central, North, and South America, Europe, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar].
别名：purple spikerush;暗紫荸荠;黑果蔺;紫果荸荠;紫果针蔺;
科名：莎草科 Cyperaceae
属名：荸荠属 Heleocharis
19.紫果蔺 图版XXII，8-10
Heleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Presl, Reliq. Haenk. I (1828) 196; Kunth, Enum. II (1887) 151; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXVI(1903) 226; Diels, Fl. Cent. -China in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXXVI Beibl. 82 (1905) 7; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXXIX (1911) 444: Dunn et Tutch., Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. (1912) 297; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志 (1956) 749——Scirpus atropurpurea Retz. Obs. V (1789) 14.
无匍匐根状茎。稈多数，丛生，高2-15厘米，细若毫发，直，圆柱状，有浑圆肋条，淡绿色，在稈的基部有1-2个叶鞘；鞘的上部淡绿色，下部紫红色，管状，膜质，鞘口斜，顶端钝或急尖，高5-15毫米。小穗卵形、球形或长圆状卵形，顶端钝，长2-5.5毫米，宽1.5-2.5毫米，褐色；在小穗基部的二片鳞片中空无花，背部较宽部分为绿色，最下一片抱小穗基部1/2周多；其余鳞片全有花，松散地复瓦状排列，长圆形或椭圆形，顶端钝圆，长1毫米多，宽约0.5毫米，膜质，背部绿色，中脉一条不大明显，两侧血红色，边缘狭，干膜质；下位刚毛4-6条，细，白色，有稀而细的倒刺；柱头2。小坚果倒卵形或宽倒卵形，双凸状，长0.5-0.75毫米，宽0.4毫米，初紫红色，后来紫黑色，有光泽，平滑，花柱基小，顶基扁而呈盘状，不为海绵质，长约为小坚果的1/6，宽约为小坚果的1/4。花果期6-10月。
产于广东、海南、广西、江苏、湖南、四川、云南等省区；生于水田中、田边、湿地，海拔230-1400米。分布于欧、非、亚、美各洲。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retzius) J. Presl & C. Presl Reliq. Haenk. 1: 196. 1828.
紫果蔺 zi guo lin
Scirpus atropurpureus Retzius, Observ. Bot. 5: 14. 1788.
Annuals. Rhizomes and stolons absent. Culms greenish, tufted, 2-15 cm tall, hairlike, erect, terete, obtusely longitudinally ribbed. Leaf sheaths 1 or 2, basally purplish red and apically greenish, tubular, 0.5-1.5 cm, mouth obliquely truncate, apex obtuse to acute. Spikelet ovoid, globose, or oblong-ovoid, 2-5.5 × 1.5-2.5 mm, many flowered, apex obtuse. Basal 2 glumes empty; basalmost glume amplexicaul for more than 1/2 of spikelet base; fertile glumes green at middle and blood-red on both sides, laxly imbricate, oblong to elliptic, ca. 1 × 0.5 mm, membranous, midvein obscure, margin narrowly hyaline, apex obtuse to subrounded. Perianth bristles 4(-6), colorless to white, slightly longer to shorter than nutlet, laxly retrorsely spinulose. Stigmas 2. Nutlet at first purplish red then becoming dark purple, obovoid to broadly obovoid, 0.3-0.6 × ca. 0.4 mm, biconvex, smooth and shiny; persistent style base patelliform, umbonate at middle, not reflexed basally, ca. 1/6 as long and ca. 1/4 as wide as nutlet. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 20.
Rice fields, field margins, moist areas; 200-1400 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Central, North, and South America, Europe, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar].